The nutritional status and lifestyle of women in preconception, pregnancy and lactation determine maternal, fetal and child health. The aim of this cross-sectional study was to evaluate dietary patterns and lifestyles according the perinatal physiological status in a large sample of Spanish women. Community pharmacists that were previously trained to collect the data recruited 13,845 women. General information, anthropometric measurements, physical activity, unhealthy habits and dietary data were assessed using a validated questionnaire. Mean values and percentages were used as descriptive statistics. The t-test, ANOVA or chi-squared test were used to compare groups. A score that included dietary and behavioral characteristics was generated to compare lifestyles in the three physiological situations. The analysis revealed that diet quality should be improved in the three stages, but in a different manner. While women seeking a pregnancy only met dairy recommendations, those who were pregnant only fulfilled fresh fruits servings and lactating women only covered protein group requirements. In all cases, the consumption allowances of sausages, buns and pastries were exceeded. Food patterns and unhealthy behaviors of Spanish women in preconception, pregnancy and lactation should be improved, particularly in preconception. This information might be useful in order to implement educational programs for each population group.

/pdf/dietary-and-health-profiles-of-spanish-women-in-87qjn4bxf1.pdf

Dietary and health profiles of Spanish women in preconception, pregnancy and lactation.

Evolution of the circadian profile of human milk amino acids during breastfeeding

Background: The lactation period is a major source of concern in developing countries because of its positive impact on the health and nutrition of children. Adequate nutrition for the mothers is therefore important for their good health as well as for that of their offspring. Aim: The aim of this study was to assess nutritional status of lactating women in Umuahia, Nigeria. Materials and methods: This cross sectional study was conducted on 240 randomly selected women attending post natal clinics with their infants (0-6 months) in four health facilitates in Umuahia North Local Government Area (LGA) of Abia State, Nigeria. A structured, validated and pre-tested questionnaire was used to obtain information on socioeconomic characteristics. Body Mass Index (BMI) was used to assess nutritional status by taking height and weight measurements using standard procedures. Dietary intake was assessed using 24 hour recall and a validated food frequency questionnaire. Mean nutrient intake was calculated and expressed as percentages of FAO/WHO recommended values. Data was analyzed using descriptive statistics and Pearson correlation coefficient was used to determine association between BMI and nutrient intake. Results: Majority of the women (71.30%) were in the age range of 26-35yrs and had a total family monthly income >N20,000 (85%). The prevalence of overweight and obesity were 52.10 and 18.30%, respectively. Cereals/cereal based dishes (1430) and leafy/non leafy vegetables (1079) were consumed more frequently while legumes were less frequently consumed on a daily basis. Energy (2279.01±446.79kcal), protein (50.02±12.23g), calcium (339.21±186.35mg) and vitamin A (698.52±615.50 µgRE) intake were lower than recommendations. No significant correlation was found between BMI and energy intake (p=0.793). Conclusion: Intake of some essential nutrients was lower than recommendations. Intervention programs such as nutrition education and dietary diversity should be emphasized during antenatal and lactation period to improve better health and nutrition outcomes.

/pdf/a-study-of-the-nutritional-status-and-dietary-intake-of-bea5o0sgzq.pdf

A study of the nutritional status and dietary intake of lactating women in Umuahia, Nigeria

Objective
Objectives of this study were 1) to investigate the mineral intake by Chinese lactating women, 2) to explore the dietary source of minerals, and 3) the ratios between different dietary minerals.

/pdf/nutrition-concerns-of-insufficient-and-excessive-intake-of-3yep3cfmfd.pdf

Nutrition Concerns of Insufficient and Excessive Intake of Dietary Minerals in Lactating Women: A Cross-Sectional Survey in Three Cities of China

Effect of traditional food supplements on nutritional status of lactating mothers and growth of their infants

2) sanas y con lactancia exclusiva, mediante Encuesta Dietetica de Recordatorio de 24 horas y utilizando el software Dial ® , centrandonos en el aporte diario de calcio y vitamina D. La poblacion a estudio se agrupo en funcion de si su ingesta en calcio era mayor (no restrictivas) o menor (restrictivas) a la Ingesta de Referencia para la Poblacion segun la Union Europea. Los resultados obtenidos revelaron inicialmente que en un 64% de dicha poblacion (restrictivas) el aporte energetico seguia una tendencia deficitaria, siendo de 2042.7 ± 458.3 kcal. Ademas su ingesta de calcio (812.4 ± 211.2 mg/dia) fue inferior (p 1200 mg/day). The results showed that 64% of the study population (restrictors) reported a mean energy intake (2042.7 ± 458.3 kcal), calcium intake (812.4 ± 211.2 mg/day) and vitamin D intake (1.71 ± 1.59 µg/day) below the adequate intake level (AI) and lower than non-restrictors estimated intakes (p<0.01). The conclusion of this study is that a high percentage of the lactating women consume a diet below nutritional recommendations during this stage. It is recommended that health professionals should inform these mothers about the correct dietary habits during this period.

Análisis nutricional en el aporte del mineral calcio en mujeres con lactancia

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Análisis nutricional en el aporte del mineral calcio en mujeres con lactancia