The built environment serves as a dynamic interface through which human society and the ecosystem interact and influence each other. Understanding this interdependence is a key to understanding sus...

https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Dipanjan_Basu2/publication/273193270_Sustainability_and_geotechnical_engineering_perspectives_and_review/links/55c170fc08ae092e966844ce.pdf

Sustainability and geotechnical engineering: perspectives and review

Modelling hydro-mechanical reinforcements of plants to slope stability

Plant evapotranspiration is recognised to affect soil suction of slopes and landfill covers. Previous work has focused on evapotranspiration-induced suction by a single plant, with little attention paid to the effects of planting density. The aim of this study is to quantify any changes in tree growth and tree-induced suction during evapotranspiration and rainfall under different planting densities for non-mixed-species plantations. A tree species, Schefflera heptaphylla, which is commonly found in Asia, was planted in silty sand at spacings of 60, 120 and 180 mm, representing three different planting densities. For each case, three replicates were tested to consider tree variability. In total, the responses of suction for 297 seedlings subjected to drying and a rainfall event with a 10-year return period were measured. The test results show that reducing the tree spacing from 180 to 60 mm induced greater tree–tree competition for water, as indicated by a 364% increase in peak suction upon evapotranspirat...

https://discovery.dundee.ac.uk/ws/files/8951879/jgeot_2E15_2Ep_2E196.pdf

Effects of planting density on tree growth and induced soil suction

https://eprints.ncl.ac.uk/file_store/production/215021/696798D2-3850-483C-BCBC-D734326AB85D.pdf

Moisture monitoring in clay embankments using electrical resistivity tomography

Performance of an instrumented slope covered with shrubs and deep-rooted grass

Many aspects of the performance of infrastructure slopes are affected by vegetation, but many are conventionally overlooked by engineers. This paper explores in detail the engineering aspects associated with vegetation on infrastructure slopes and the conflicts that must be managed in order to maintain safety and serviceability. It also examines the importance of roadside corridors as grassland habitats and the difficulties of managing and maintaining the diversity of species using safe and economic management practices. The biodiversity of roadside grassland habitats is discussed in this paper, but these findings indicate general lessons for the vegetation management of infrastructure slopes

Role of vegetation in sustainability of infrastructure slopes

Traditionally managed mesotrophic species-rich upland hay meadows conforming to the National Vegetation Classification (NVC) MG3b are one of the rarest grassland types in the United Kingdom, with substantial declines in botanical diversity over the last 50 years. Intensive spring grazing, earlier cut dates and increases in soil fertility cause a decline in characteristic positive indicator species in MG3b meadows, shifting communities from species-rich MG3b, to NVC MG6 meadows, and finally to species-poor NVC MG7 meadows. The North Pennines Area of Outstanding Natural Beauty (AONB) Partnership's Hay Time project aimed to improve the knowledge of upland hay meadows, and to investigate the success of seed addition of key positive indicator species. A landscape-scale restoration programme was undertaken between 2006 and 2012, harvesting seed from 82 species-rich donor meadows and spreading seed onto 89 receptor meadows (222.82 ha). Seed was harvested as green hay, using two types of donors: MG6 (classed as restoration, with species such as Rhinanthus minor) and MG3b (classed as enhancement, with species such as Geranium sylvaticum). All 89 meadows were monitored, with a baseline botanical survey and a repeat survey 3–5 years after seed addition. In addition, 41 meadows that did not have seed addition were monitored (controls). Species richness, diversity and floristic composition improved in 77 meadows 3–5 years after seed addition. Eighteen plant species had an increase in frequency in the receptor meadows but did not increase in frequency in the control meadows. The most successful were eight positive indicators which were annuals or fast-growing perennial plants (Anthoxanthum odoratum, Euphrasia spp., Myosotis discolor, Plantago lanceolata, Ranunculus acris, R minor, Trifolium dubium and Trifolium pratense). However, rarer characteristic MG3b plants such as Alchemilla spp., G. sylvaticum and Cirsium heterophyllum showed little signs of establishing. Botanical evidence is demonstrating that seed addition using green hay is a successful way of restoring meadows to an MG6 community. What is now needed is an effective method to establish characteristic MG3b plants. Hand-collecting seeds and establishing plug plants, alongside seed addition and maintaining traditional management practises, is one possible way forward. 

Evaluating the success of upland hay meadow restoration in the North Pennines, United Kingdom, using green hay transfer

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Role of vegetation in sustainability of infrastructure slopes

Evaluating the success of upland hay meadow restoration in the North Pennines, United Kingdom, using green hay transfer