Three-dimensional (3D) printing (also known as additive manufacturing) is an advanced manufacturing process that can produce complex shape geometries automatically from a 3D computer-aided design m...

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3D printing trends in building and construction industry: a review

Control strategies for crane systems: A comprehensive review

A review of risk management through BIM and BIM-related technologies

In this paper, a sliding-mode control for an offshore container crane is discussed. The offshore container crane is used to load/unload containers between a huge container ship (called the “mother ship”) and a smaller ship (called the “mobile harbor”), on which the crane is installed. The purpose of the mobile harbor is to load/unload containers in the open sea and transport them to shallower water where they can be offloaded at existing conventional ports, thereby obviating the need for expansive and expensive new facilities. The load/unload control objective is to suppress the pendulum motion (i.e., “sway”) of the load in the presence of the wave- and wind-induced movements (heave, roll, and pitch) of the mobile harbor. A new mechanism for lateral sway control, therefore, is proposed as well. A sliding surface is designed in such a way that the longitudinal sway of the load is incorporated with the trolley dynamics. The asymptotic stability of the closed-loop system is guaranteed by a control law derived for the purpose. The proposed new mechanism can suppress lateral sway, which functionality is not possible with conventional cranes. Simulation results are provided.

Sliding-Mode Antisway Control of an Offshore Container Crane

As a type of indispensable oceanic transportation tools, ship-mounted crane systems are widely employed to transport cargoes and containers on vessels due to their extraordinary flexibility. However, various working requirements and the oceanic environment may cause some uncertain and unfavorable factors for ship-mounted crane control. In particular, to accomplish different control tasks, some plant parameters (e.g., boom lengths, payload masses, and so on) frequently change; hence, most existing model-based controllers cannot ensure satisfactory control performance any longer. For example, inaccurate gravity compensation may result in positioning errors. Additionally, due to ship roll motions caused by sea waves, residual payload swing generally exists, which may result in safety risks in practice. To solve the above-mentioned issues, this paper designs a neural network-based adaptive control method that can provide effective control for both actuated and unactuated state variables based on the original nonlinear ship-mounted crane dynamics without any linearizing operations. In particular, the proposed update law availably compensates parameter/structure uncertainties for ship-mounted crane systems. Based on a 2-D sliding surface, the boom and rope can arrive at their preset positions in finite time, and the payload swing can be completely suppressed. Furthermore, the problem of nonlinear input dead zones is also taken into account. The stability of the equilibrium point of all state variables in ship-mounted crane systems is theoretically proven by a rigorous Lyapunov-based analysis. The hardware experimental results verify the practicability and robustness of the presented control approach.

Neural Network-Based Adaptive Antiswing Control of an Underactuated Ship-Mounted Crane With Roll Motions and Input Dead Zones

This paper describes the control of an automatic overhead crane for assembly of modular building elements. The automatic system was developed using a commercial full-size crane, which was modified by adding adequate sensors, servomotors, and control strategy. The crane, which maintained its original cables, was converted to a robotic system, and is controlled via a computer-based multiaxes control board. The implemented algorithms solve two main problems of module assembly: 1) precision positioning of large and heavy modules in the order of a few centimeters, and 2) anti-swinging transportation of modules, even in difficult weather conditions (not extreme). The implementation of the anti-swinging control is achieved using the on-line two-dimensional inclinometer measurements and an on-line calculation of input impulse trains. The developed input-shaping control is divided into two phases: straight line motion and external perturbances cancellation. Experimental results of the developed algorithms which demonstrate the effectiveness of the new process are presented.

Anti-Swinging Input Shaping Control of an Automatic Construction Crane

A mechatronics security system for the construction site

As part of the FutureHome project, research was conducted to look into ways of improving the security and develop methods and reliable systems to detect possible failures and to avoid any harm to the machinery and installations and, above all, to the workers in the construction site.

The work described in this article deals with the development of a particular security system, using both existing commercial technology and specially designed equipment.

The compulsory safety helmet required for all workers in construction sites is used as the base to accommodate miniature positioning and communication instruments. The position and ID of each worker is sampled periodically and sent via radio to a monitoring station, where the information is compared to a database containing the tasks and processes being performed in the site. According to this, workers and machines' positions are known in each instant, and risk situations may be recognized immediately and therefore damage can be prevented. If certain workers and particular machinery and equipment elements are not supposed to be in certain locations for safety reasons, an automated system can be used to detect the situation and make the adequate decision to prevent a possible accident. The proposed system is meant for modern construction systems where workers and automated/semiautomated machines coexist.

A Mechatronics Security System for the Construction Site

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Anti-Swinging Input Shaping Control of an Automatic Construction Crane

A mechatronics security system for the construction site

A Mechatronics Security System for the Construction Site