There is no phase diagram available for this system. It may be conjectured that it would be similar to that for the C-Li system, and so would show (a) the compound C2Na2, (b) a liquid and (c) a eutectic of composition very close to 100 at.% Na and temperature very close to the M.P. of Na. Data for the solubility of C in liquid Na have been reported in [1957Gra, 1967Lun, 1969McK, 1970Geh, 1970Lon, 1972Sal, 1973Ack, 1974Ain]. Pertinent experimental details are summarized in Table 1. The data, plotted in Fig. 1, were fitted to the equation: Log10S 1⁄4 A B=T ðEq 1Þ

C-Na (Carbon-Sodium) System

By slowly evaporating solutions of fullerene ${\mathrm{C}}_{60}$ in 1,2-dichloroethane at room temperature, crystals of an orthorhombic 1:1 solvate are obtained [$Cmcm,$ ${\mathrm{Cmc}2}_{1},$ or $\mathrm{Ama}2,$ with $a=10.065(9)\AA{},$ $b=31.34(3)\AA{},$ and $c=10.059(8)\AA{}$ ($C$ setting)]. Unusual decagonal needles with dihedral angles of $\ensuremath{\sim}36\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}$ between adjacent faces also form. They are described in terms of a $10\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}$ twinning of these orthorhombic crystals with needle axis (or twin axis [001]) parallel to composition planes in the form ${1K0}$ whose orientations do not correspond to rational index $k (9lKl10).$ This solvate decomposes with a desolvation enthalpy (45 kJ per mole of solvent) close to that of sublimation for pure solvent and it forms with a negative excess volume ($\ensuremath{-}23{\AA{}}^{3}$ per formula unit). Despite a packing coefficient (0.77) higher than that for hard sphere close packing (0.74), it spontaneously decomposes at room temperature. This is related to the solvent adsorption on cubic ${\mathrm{C}}_{60}$ which is shown to be preferred to the solvate formation by about $\ensuremath{-}10\mathrm{kJ}$ per mole of solvent.

Solid-state studies on single and decagonal crystals of C 60 grown from 1,2-dichloroethane

Decagonal C60 crystals grown from n-hexane solutions: solid-state and aging studies

Well-developed surfaces of crystals of pure C 60 grown in various experimental conditions have been examined by atomic force microscopy To out knowledge, macroscopic “pure” faces of bulk crystals have not been studied by near-field microscopies The crystals obtained by sublimation or by rapid evaporation of C 60 solutions in toluene have a fcc structure By slow evaporation of fullerene C 60 solution CCl 4 at room temperature, a stable solvate C 60 , 2CCl 4 crystallizes in a simple hexagonal system, with a flat large (0001) surface The morphological habits of the fcc crystal show macroscopically well-defined (100) and (111) faces, with some examples of faces which cannot be attributed unambiguously For the first time, AFM images have been obtained for all these faces In every case, molecular resolution has been achieved The (100) face of the fcc crystal, which has been shown by SEM to accumulate impurities, appears at a molecular scale to be constituted by a juxtaposition of micro domains, each of which having all the angle and distance characteristics of the (100) face The AFM images demonstrate directly that the molecular arrangement is the same on the (111) face of the fcc crystal of pure C 60 as on the (0001) face of the hexagonal crystal of the C 60 , 2CCl 4 solvate Measurements on AFM images of a face that could not be indexed give results which induce us to assign tentatively this surface to the (311) face of the crystal

Atomic force microscopy characterization of stable faces in cubic C60 and hexagonal C60, 2CCl4 single crystals

Crystals of a C60 1:1 solvate (I-centered cubic, a = 23.284(2) A) were grown by evaporating solutions of C60 in H2CCl2 at room temperature. Solvate crystals are not air stable and spontaneously transform into a hexagonal polymorph of C60 (a = 10.044(5) A, c = 16.404(8) A, c/a = 1.633(2)) when extracted from the mother liquor at room temperature. Although solvate formation entails almost no volume change, desolvation enthalpy (59.2 kJ/mol of solvent) is found to be about twice as high as sublimation enthalpy for pure H2CCl2.

Solid-state studies on a cubic 1:1 solvate of C60 grown from dichloromethane and leading to another hexagonal C60 polymorph

Morphology of C60 decagonal crystals grown from n-hexane

C 60 fullerene may crystallize from benzene solutions as thin yellow plates, whose morphology has suggested the existence of a hcp modification. By means of single crystal X-ray diffraction, we show that these plates crystallize in the cubic system. Surprisingly, these plates do not exhibit the phase transition near 260K. Nevertheless, the existence of a hcp variety cannot be discarded since scanning electron microscopy reveals the presence of hexagonal prims in a sample made of pure C 60 powder

Morphological versatility of solid C60 fullerene: I. Solid state studies of yellow plates grown from benzene solutions

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Morphology of C60 decagonal crystals grown from n-hexane

Morphological versatility of solid C60 fullerene: I. Solid state studies of yellow plates grown from benzene solutions