Wavelength-division multiplexing has emerged as an important physical layer technology Optical transmission provides a physical layer capable of carrying bits at the speed at the order of a gigabit per second Optical burst switching is proposed to overcome the shortcomings of conventional WDM deployment, such as lack of fine bandwidth granularity in wavelength routing and electronic speed bottlenecks in SONET/SDH We describe an architecture for IP network over the OBS WDM transmission core The use of MPLS-type technique for forwarding data bursts and the inclusion of a medium access control layer between the optical (WDM) and IP layers are the key ingredients of the proposed architecture In particular, the architecture is based on provisioning MPLS paths, also called label switched paths, of desired quality of service through the OBS WDM transmission core The MAC layer performs various OBS-specific functions, such as burst assembly, burst scheduling, and offset setting/traffic shaping While burst assembly and burst scheduling are relatively straightforward, we point out that the offset setting strategy has significant impact on the performance of IP network operating over OBS WDM core We describe a shaping scheme to set the offset, an important system parameter for OBS, between the successive data bursts of a given data stream (label switched path) and their associated control packets This scheme results in robust operation of the network and also facilitates traffic engineering Guidelines are provided for implementing various IP QoS mechanisms in the optical backbone using OBS

Optical burst switching: a viable solution for terabit IP backbone

The authors present a review of all-optical signal-processing technologies based on /spl chi//sup (2)/ nonlinear interactions in guided-wave devices and their applications for telecommunication. In this study, the main focus is on three-wave interactions in annealed proton-exchanged periodically poled lithium niobate waveguides due to their suitable properties with respect to nonlinear mixing efficiency, propagation loss, and ease of fabrication. These devices allow the implementation of advanced all-optical signal-processing functions for next-generation networks with signal bandwidths beyond 1 THz. In this paper, integrated structures that will allow for improvements of current signal-processing functions as well as the implementation of novel device concepts are also presented.

All-optical signal processing using /spl chi//sup (2)/ nonlinearities in guided-wave devices

Summary In this paper, we give an overview and classification of optical burst switching schemes and present burst reservation concepts. The performance of various basic reservation mechanisms proposed in literature is compared. Furthermore, a new analysis is introduced that allows to calculate the loss probabilities of a two-class system based on the reservation mechanism just-enough-time (JET) for arbitrary offsets. Finally, a variety of new results is presented including the dependence of burst loss probabilities on offset, burst length distribution, and interarrival distribution.

Evaluation of Reservation Mechanisms for Optical Burst Switching

Routes may be installed across multiple link state protocol controlled Ethernet network areas by causing ABBs to leak I-SID information advertised by BEBs a L1 network area into an L2 network area. ABBs will only leak I-SIDs for BEBs where it is the closest ABB for that BEB. Where another ABB on the L2 network also leaks the same I-SID into the L2 network area from another L1 network area, the I-SID is of multi-area interest. ABBs will advertise I-SIDs that are common to the L1 and L2 networks back into their respective L1 network. Within each L1 and L2 network area, forwarding state will be installed between network elements advertising common interest in an ISID, so that multi-area paths may be created to span the L1/L2/L1 network areas. ABBs may summarize BEB multicast trees such that the set of trees for a given I-SID transiting the ABB is condensed into a common tree. The L2 network may further be implemented as a second layer implemented using a L1/L2/L1 network structure, so that the L1/L2/L1 network structure may recurse an arbitrary number of times.

Method and apparatus for exchanging routing information and the establishment of connectivity across multiple network areas

A router for routing data from a client through load-balancing nodes to a selected load-balanced server among a plurality of servers in a network involves: receiving, at a last load balancing node associated with a selected server among the plurality of servers, a first packet of a server reply to a request from the client; storing identifiers of ingress interfaces on which the packet arrives, in a send path list for server load balancing, as the first packet of the server reply is routed from the last load balancing node to the client using hop-by-hop decisions; receiving subsequent packets of the client request; and forwarding the subsequent packets to the selected server only on a route that is defined by the send path list and without hop-by-hop routing decisions. Packet flows are routed from the same client to the same server without hop-by-hop routing decisions or repeated load-balancing decisions.

Server load balancing using IP option field approach to identify route to selected server

Multiprotocol label switching (MPLS) is rapidly emerging as an Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF) standard intended to enhance the speed, scalability, and service provisioning capabilities in the Internet. MPLS uses the technique of packet forwarding based on labels, to enable the implementation of a simpler high-performance packet forwarding engine. This also decouples packet forwarding from routing, facilitating the provision of varied routing services independent of the packet forwarding paradigm. The authors track the evolution of this technology in relation to other existing technologies. Then an overview of the MPLS architecture and design is provided. In addition, some of the work that was a precursor to MPLS is discussed, as well as related issues and debates.

Evolution of multiprotocol label switching

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Evolution of multiprotocol label switching