A dual-concentric-core photonic crystal fiber (DCPCF) with low germanium doping is numerically investigated for dispersion compensation. The inner cladding is formed by a fluorine-doped concentric ring which is used to increase the index slope difference between two supermodes and eliminate the sensitivity of dispersion characteristic to air holes in the inner cladding of traditional structures. The proposed DCPCF can compensate for the dispersion and dispersion slope of a standard single-mode fiber (SMF) at 1550-nm wavelength. The $K$ value matches with that of SMF very well. Moreover, it can realize an effective compensated dispersion range of ±0.8 ps/nm/km from 1.458 to $1.626~\mu \text{m}$ wavelength which covers the $S+C+L$ bands. The geometric parameters on dispersion characteristic are investigated. The sensitivity of the fiber dispersion and the effective compensated dispersion to ±2% and ±5% variation in the optimum parameters is studied for practical fabrication.

All-Solid Photonic Crystal Fiber for Dispersion Compensation Over $S+C+L$ Wavelength Bands

In this paper, the all-solid dual-concentric-core microstructure fiber (MSF) with ultra-broadband dispersion compensation characteristics is designed. The effects of microstructure fiber structure parameters on dispersion, phase-matching wavelength, and kappa value are analyzed by the multi-pole method and mode coupling theory. The average dispersion compensation multiple is 18.45, that is, 1 km long dispersion compensated MSF can compensate for the cumulative dispersion of standard single-mode fiber of 18.45 km in the wavelength range of 1385~1575 nm by optimizing MSF parameters. The change range of residual dispersion is within ±0.72 ps/(nm·km), and the splicing loss with standard single-mode fiber is controlled below 5 dB within the compensation bandwidth of 190 nm. Compared with the air hole-quartz structure dual-concentric-core microstructure fiber, the designed fiber reduces the difficulty of fiber drawing, is easy to splice with standard single-mode fiber, and has wider compensation bandwidth as well as larger compensation multiple than the existing microstructure fiber. This lays a solid foundation for the optimization of dense wavelength division multiplexing networks and the construction of all-optical networks.

Design of All-Solid Dual-Concentric-Core Microstructure Fiber for Ultra-Broadband Dispersion Compensation

An all-solid dispersion-compensating photonic crystal fiber based on mode coupling mechanism in dual-concentric core has been proposed. The mode coupling characteristics, dispersion, confinement loss of the fiber, and the influence on dispersion of some structure parameters are simulated by full-vector finite element method. By using the relationship between phase matching wavelengths and coupling strength with the change of fiber microstructure parameters, an all-solid dual-concentric-core dispersion-compensating photonic crystal fiber is presented. The structure parameters on dispersion characteristic are investigated. The results demonstrate that the proposed fiber has a large negative dispersion value 8465 ps/(nm·km) at 1550 nm. The effective mode area and the splicing loss to the standard single mode fiber are 12.8 μm2 and 1.89 dB at 1550 nm, respectively. At 1550 nm, the confinement loss is less than 1 × 10−3 dB/km and the bending loss with 2 cm bending diameter is less than 1 × 10−2 dB/km.

/pdf/an-all-solid-dispersion-compensating-photonic-crystal-fiber-sx1yvq9zyy.pdf

An All-Solid Dispersion-Compensating Photonic Crystal Fiber Based on Mode Coupling Mechanism in Dual-Concentric Core

Fiber optic transmission systems are friendly data transmission systems environmentally due to their low losses, high bandwidth and acceptable reliability. Therefore, they are often used for communication infrastructures. However, the effects of optical loss and dispersion can cause problems in fiber optic communications. In this paper, we mitigate these effects by using photonic crystals. The goal is to minimise the dispersion of the fibers by changing the photonic crystal fiber parameters. Specifically, we change the number, radius, and shape of the holes to minimise dispersion. A new photonic crystal fiber (PCF) is proposed with hexagonal grids of air holes and 11 layers in this structure. An optimal holes number, radius and distance between holes are used to obtain the least dispersion. Next, we use several elliptical and stellar holes to reduce dispersion. The germanium impurity is exploited in the PCF core as a defect. The addition of germanium impurity to the core causes the doping atoms reflect a stronger optical signal with the same attenuated input signal properties. The simulation results show that dispersion value is zero in three points at wavelengths between 1.48 and 1.55 μm. In this wavelength range, the dispersion value was obtained between − 0.3 and 0.6 ps/(nm km).

An Optimal Design for Decreasing Dispersion in Photonic Crystal Fiber

A Ge-doped dual-core dispersion compensation photonic crystal fiber (DC-DCPCF) is proposed. The small diameters of two layers’ air holes make DC-DCPCF form a dual-core structure, which is conducive to broadband dispersion compensation. Low Ge-doped silica as the only background material reduces the preparation difficulty and cost. It is inversely designed by using artificial neural network (ANN) combined with differential evolution algorithm (DE) to obtain target dispersion compensation. ANN replaces the finite element method to accomplish fast forward prediction of DC-DCPCF properties. DE solves the single solution problem of single or cascade network that makes it flexible and reproducible. The results demonstrate that the designed DC-DCPCF can not only compensate 45 and 25 times its length of Corning single-mode fiber 28 (SMF28) in S+C+L+U bands and E+S+C+L+U bands respectively, but also accurately compensate the residual dispersion with effective dispersion compensation being only +0.005∼+0.842ps/(nm·km) and −0.03∼+1.31ps/(nm·km), respectively. In addition, the kappa values of DCP-PCF are well matched with SMF28 in the broadband wavelength range. It takes only about 10 seconds to complete the inverse design of the target DC-DCPCF. It provides a design method for custom DC-DCPCF and an efficient inverse design solution for photonic automation in fiber optical communication systems. 

/pdf/inverse-design-of-broadband-dispersion-compensation-fiber-1j2afv7y.pdf

Inverse Design of Broadband Dispersion Compensation Fiber Based on Deep Learning and Differential Evolution Algorithm

Novel design of broadband dispersion compensating photonic crystal fiber with all solid structure and low index difference

The invention provides a near-zero dispersion flat photonic crystal fiber. The near-zero dispersion flat photonic crystal fiber is prepared from a background material, a fiber core and a cladding layer, wherein the background material is a quartz material; the fiber core is composed of 6 layers of air holes formed in a central region of the fiber; the cladding layer is composed of a plurality of layers of air holes which are periodically arrayed at the periphery of the fiber core; the air holes are round holes; all the air holes have the same diameter; the air holes are arrayed in the background material in a hexagonal shape; the diameter of the air holes is 80nm to 120nm, the hole distance lambda is 300nm to 400nm and the number of layers of the air holes is 5 to 25. The near-zero dispersion flat photonic crystal fiber is simple in structure, easy to prepare and relatively small in dispersion fluctuation range; under the condition that the thickness of the cladding layer is the same, the cladding layer can contain more air holes and bounding on light is more easily realized.

Near-zero dispersion flat photonic crystal fiber

The invention provides a dispersion flat and full solid microstructure fiber which comprises a base material, a cladding and a fiber core. The base material is a pure quartz material. The cladding is a layer of doped quartz rods which are in hexagon arrangement and around the fiber core structure. The fiber core is in a double-layer quartz rod structure. A high-doped quartz rod is arranged at the center first layer. The diameter of the first layer of high-doped quartz rod and the diameter of the low-doped quartz rods of the cladding are 1300 to 1400nm. Six high-doped quartz rods are arranged at the second layer of the fiber core, and are arranged in hexagon arrangement and around the first layer of the fiber core. The diameter of each quartz rod at the second layer is 1750 to 1850nm. The hole spacing of the quartz rods in the fiber core area and the cladding area is 2050 to 2150nm. According to the invention, the phenomenon of air hole collapse caused by the surface tension and the production process of an air hole microstructure fiber are effectively solved; and the dispersion flat and full solid microstructure fiber is easy to be coupled with traditional optical fibers, is easy to prepare, has the characteristic of near zero dispersion flatness, and can realize flat top beam transmission.

Dispersion flat and full solid microstructure fiber

The invention provides an all-solid-state broadband dispersion compensation refractive index guide type microstructure fiber which comprises inner and outer fiber core cylinders, cladding cylinders and a base material. The base material is pure quartz, and the inner fiber core cylinder is a germanium doped pure quartz rod. The outer fiber core cylinders are a layer of pure quartz rods which are doped with fluorine or boron and in regular hexagon dense arrangement. The cladding cylinders are pure quartz rods which are doped with fluorine or boron and in regular hexagon dense arrangement. The refractive index of the inner fiber core cylinder is greater than the refractive index of the base material. The refractive index of the base material is greater than the refractive index of the outer fiber core cylinders. The refractive index of the outer fiber core cylinders is greater than the refractive index of the cladding cylinders. The diameter of the cladding cylinders is the same and greater than the diameter of the outer fiber core cylinders. The diameter of the inner fiber core cylinder is greater than the diameter of the outer fiber core cylinders. All cylinders are equally spaced. The microstructure fiber provided by the invention is easy to prepare, is easy to be coupled with traditional optical fibers, can carry out broadband dispersion compensation on cumulative dispersion in high-speed dense wavelength division multiplexing optical fiber communication transmission, and provides an effective transmission medium for an optical fiber communication system.

All-solid-state broadband dispersion compensation refractive index guide type microstructure fiber

Raman soliton self-frequency shifted to mid-infrared band (λ > 2 μm) has been achieved in an air-silica microstructure fiber (MF). The MF used in our experiment has an elliptical core with diameters of 1.08 and 2.48 μm for fast and slow axis. Numerical simulation shows that each fundamental orthogonal polarization mode has two wide-spaced λ ZDW and the λ ZDW pairs located at 701/2110 nm and 755/2498 nm along the fast and slow axis, respectively. Using 810-nm Ti:sapphire femtosecond laser as pump, when the output power varies from 0.3 to 0.5 W, the furthest red-shift Raman solitons in both fast and slow axis shift from near-infrared band to mid-infrared band, reaching as far as 2030 and 2261 nm. Also, mid-infrared Raman solitons can always be generated for pump wavelength longer than 790 nm if output pump power reaches 0.5 W. Specifically, with pump power at 0.5 W, the mid-infrared soliton in slow axis shifts from 2001 to 2261 nm when the pump changes from 790 nm to 810 nm. This means only a 20 nm change of pump results in 260 nm tunability of a mid-infrared soliton.

http://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/1674-1056/25/7/074206/pdf

Broadband tunable Raman soliton self-frequency shift to mid-infrared band in a highly birefringent microstructure fiber

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