Waste electrical and electronic equipment (WEEE) contains economically significant levels of precious, critical metals and rare earth elements, apart from base metals and other toxic compounds. Rec...

https://hal-insu.archives-ouvertes.fr/insu-02549695/document

Recent advances on hydrometallurgical recovery of critical and precious elements from end of life electronic wastes - a review

Resources and extraction of gallium: A review

End-of-life light-emitting diodes are electronic waste containing valuable and critical metals such as rare earth elements (REE) and gallium. These metals face the risk of supply disruption with increasing demand and the difficulty of their extraction and separation through mineral and metallurgical processing. Hence, this study aims to provide a descriptive insight into recovery techniques of light-emitting diodes (LED) waste using examples from other e-waste such as fluorescent lamps, liquid crystal displays, and LED production dust. An investigation was conducted following scoping searches, and a gap in research on LED recycling technologies was found. It was noticed that the possible technologies to recover gallium and REE from LED are physical processes, pyrolysis, bioleaching, and acid leaching, followed by purification processes such as solvent extraction and precipitation. The advantages and disadvantages of each method for industrial application were addressed in terms of efficiency in recovery of gallium and REE, selectivity, and energy consumption. Based on this analysis, hydrometallurgical processing has been identified as the most suitable method to recover gallium and REE from LEDs due to its high efficiency in recovering metals from low-grade secondary raw material. Despite the energy consumption, a first pyrometallurgical step is recommended for gallium recovery. Furthermore, the selection of recovery processes must be consistent with the light-emitting products due to differences in LEDs composition. Overall, the future perspective for LED recycling is to exploit the economic potential of this e-waste, aiming at a circular economy that enables the conservation of natural resources.

A review of the current progress in recycling technologies for gallium and rare earth elements from light-emitting diodes

A critical review of material flow, recycling technologies, challenges and future strategy for scattered metals from minerals to wastes

Rapid industrialization is accompanied by the deterioration of the natural environment. The deepening crisis associated with the ecological environment has garnered widespread attention toward strengthening environmental monitoring and protection. Environmental sensors are one of the key technologies for environmental monitoring, ultimately enabling environmental protection. In recent decades, micro/nanomaterials have been widely studied and applied in environmental sensing owing to their unique dimensional properties. Electrospinning has been developed and adopted as a facile, quick, and effective technology to produce continuous micro- and nanofiber materials. The technology has advanced rapidly and become one of the hotspots in the field of nanomaterials research. Environmental sensors made from electrospun nanofibers possess many advantages, such as having a porous structure and high specific surface area, which effectively improve their performance in environmental sensing. Furthermore, by introducing functional nanomaterials (carbon nanotubes, metal oxides, conjugated polymers, etc.) into electrospun fibers, synergistic effects between different materials can be utilized to improve the catalytic activity and sensitivity of the sensors. In this review, we aimed to outline the progress of research over the past decade on electrospinning nanofibers with different morphologies and functional characteristics in environmental sensors. 

https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s42765-022-00237-5.pdf

A Review on Electrospinning as Versatile Supports for Diverse Nanofibers and Their Applications in Environmental Sensing

Novel recycle technology for recovering rare metals (Ga, In) from waste light-emitting diodes.

Incorporation of perovskite nanocrystals into lanthanide metal-organic frameworks with enhanced stability for ratiometric and visual sensing of mercury in aqueous solution.

Incorporation of Fluorescent Carbon Quantum Dots into Metal–Organic Frameworks with Peroxidase-Mimicking Activity for High-Performance Ratiometric Fluorescent Biosensing

CsPbX3 perovskite nanocrystal (NC) is considered as an excellent optical material and is widely applied in optoelectronics. However, its poor water stability impedes its study in enzyme-like activity, and further inhibits its application in biomimetic cascade catalysis. Herein, for the first time, the oxidase-like and ascorbate oxidase-like activities of an amphiphilic polymer capped CsPbX3 are demonstrated, and its catalytic mechanism is further explored. Furthermore, an all-nanozyme cascade system (multifunctional CsPbBr3 @Zr-metal organic framework (Zr-MOF) and Prussian blue as oxidase-like and peroxidase-like nanozyme) is constructed with a portable paper-based device for realizing the dual-mode (ratiometric fluorescence and colorimetric) detection of ascorbic acid in a point-of-care (POC) fashion. This is the first report on the utilization of all-inorganic CsPbX3 perovskite NC in biomimetic cascade catalysis, which opens a new avenue for POC clinical disease diagnosis. 

Amphiphilic Polymer Capped Perovskite Compositing with Nano Zr‐MOF for Nanozyme‐Involved Biomimetic Cascade Catalysis

Multi-scale structural changes and mechanistic analysis of wheat starch gels with common proteins in short-term retrogradation at low temperature

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