We realized a 2D/3D multi-frequency FDIP instrument system based on ZigBee wireless network and GPS to improve the data quality and efficiency of 2D/3D IP survey for engineering, environment and mineral exploration problems. The instrument is composed of a multi-function transmitter and more than 50 receivers. The transmitter is synchronized with GPS and can transmit more than 30 user defined waveforms and pseudo-random waveforms with frequencies range from 1/256 Hz to 128 Hz for field and laboratory usage. All receivers are identical with the ability to make the measurement of current injected into the earth and the potential difference between two electrodes. Each receiver is composed of 4 signal channels, DSP subsystem, GPS subsystem, and embedded computer subsystem. The DSP subsystem receives digital signal from four 24-bit A/D converters and carries out a sequence of filtering and calculation to reduce noise and interference inside the digital signal to improve signal to noise ratio (SNR). The GPS subsystem generates clock signal and synchronization signal for A/D conversion. This ensures all receivers doing data acquisition simultaneously. Therefore, the injected current and potential differences are measured at same time. This is the key for additional SNR improvement in IP survey. The embedded computer subsystem is the brain of the receiver. It is composed of wired network, WI-FI, ZigBee, ARM SOC, SDRAM, NOR flash, and NAND flash. A PC with a ZigBee adapter is used to control the data acquisition and monitors the data quality through ZigBee network. A lot of tests showed that more than 50 receivers can be controlled in the field with short latency. Therefore 196 voltage measurements and 1 current measurement can be made at a single acquisition. This improves the data quality and efficiency of 2D/3D IP survey significantly.

Large-scale distributed 2d/3d fdip system based on zigbee network and gps

This study proposes a high-resolution short time interval measurement system based on the Vernier delay line (VDL) method. It should be noted that the programmable delay elements (PDEs) in the Xilinx field programmable gate arrays (FPGAs) provide a novel realization of delay lines. The delay lines can provide an accurate delay difference of 50 ps, which is process, voltage and temperature (PVT) invariant. An excellent consistency for the delay lines can be achieved by adjusting the timing and layout to minimize the measurement errors. The resolution achieved was 58 ps. Experimental results indicate a measurement standard deviation of 36 ps, a differential nonlinearity (DNL) of 36 ps and integral nonlinearity (INL) of 14 ps. The system features high accuracy, easy implementation and low cost.

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High-resolution short time interval measurement system implemented in a single FPGA chip

Many fields need high performance time measurements, including Single-Photon Avalanche Diode (SPAD) cameras, Positron Emission Tomography (PET) systems, and other time-of-flight systems These measurements are often performed by means of time-to-digital converters, that for these applications, require high resolution, accuracy, and throughput This is often accomplished using custom circuitry, which entails high cost, long development time, and low flexibility Other time measurement implementations, such as TDCs implemented on field-programmable gate arrays (FPGAs), have been studied to meet the demands of time measurement without the drawbacks of custom circuitry This thesis presents an FPGA-based TDC with many advantages of custom circuitry but few of the drawbacks A characterization of the TDC, based on a Virtex-6 FPGA, is executed and many influences on performance are described, including distortions from the FPGA architecture, temperature effects, intra-chip position variation, and chip-to-chip variation The TDC has 10ps resolution, 385LSB integral non-linearity, and a throughput of 300MS/s Some directions for future work are presented, with the possibility to improve FPGAbased TDCs even more The results show that FPGA-based TDCs can achieve high performance, and can be used in a wide range of applications requiring high throughput and accurate time measurements

Implementation, Characterization, and Optimization of an FPGA-based Time-to-Digital Converter

Due to the operation environment in field exploration, low-power consumption and high reliability is a basic requirement for developing control system of electromagnetic acquisition stations. In this paper, we propose the design of the control system based on AT91RM9200 microprocessor and linux-2.6.21 operation system. The hardware design and the OS porting were introduced and the key points in device drivers of UART, SPI, I2C, DS1307 real time clock and serial synchronous controller (SSC) were depicted. Finally, the control system was tested by the acquisition station. Tests show that the control system's power consumption is low and its other specifications also meet requirements.

Development of control system in electromagnetic acquisition station based on ARM and Linux

The communication between ARM and Digital Signal Processor(DSP)is a key factor in ARM/DSP dual core design widely used in geophysics exploration instrumentation.In this paper serial synchronous communication between AT91RM9200/DSP56309 dual core processors was realized and the modularized and hierarchical design of the SSC driver based on AT91TM9200 in Linux 2.6 was introduced in detail.The DMA transmission,multi-buffering and PDA controller priority modification was used in the driving design.The SSC interface circuit implementation based on the design was also introduced.The experimental results show that the data transfer between AT91RM9200/DSP56309 is rapid and steady,and so that the dual core processors co-work very well.

Development and application of serial synchronous communication driver in Linux2.6

The performance of GPS based frequency standard depends on the accuracy and stability of the time interval measurement. Based on the XILINX Spartan-3 FPGA, this paper mainly describes a time interval measurement system which is controlled by the PicoBlaze soft core embedded processor and is suitable for the frequency calibration of GPS based frequency standard. Besides receiving the measurement data and the time information of GPS module, PicoBlaze is used to supervise the system status, which ensures the whole system work effectually. The system has been implemented using XC3S200 device and the test show that the whole system works perfectly and meets the requirement of GPS based frequency standard.

A time interval measurement system based on FPGA used for frequency calibration

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Development of control system in electromagnetic acquisition station based on ARM and Linux

A time interval measurement system based on FPGA used for frequency calibration

Development and application of serial synchronous communication driver in Linux2.6