Alkali metal batteries (AMB, A=Li, Na, K) are considered to be the most promising energy storage devices to achieve high energy density. As the blood of the battery, to realize stable energy storage in high-energy-density alkali metal batteries, the electrolyte needs to be properly designed. Over the past three decades, electrolytes have evolved from regular concentration electrolytes, ionic liquid electrolytes, and high-concentration electrolytes to localized ionic liquid electrolytes, localized high-concentration electrolytes, and quasi-localized high-concentration electrolytes. Due to the wide variety of alkali metal battery electrolytes, this review first proposes the concept of generalized local high-concentration electrolyte (g-LHCE) based on the characteristics of the solvation structure, supplements the descriptor values of different solvents, and summarizes the design principles of g-LHCE. Then the progress of g-LHCE in recent years in terms of high voltage, solid-liquid interface, low temperature, and nonflammability is summarized. Finally, the future development of g-LHCE is prospected. High-entropy generalized local high-concentration electrolytes and local high-concentration aqueous electrolytes will become important research directions for advanced electrolyte design in the field of high energy density and high power density alkali metal batteries. 

Recent advances in multifunctional generalized local high-concentration electrolytes for high-efficiency alkali metal batteries

Abstract Lithium‐ion batteries (LIBs) have emerged as vital elements of energy storage systems permeating every facet of modern living, particularly in portable electronic devices and electric vehicles. However, with the sustained economic and social development, new‐generation LIBs with high energy density, wide operating temperature range, fast charge, and high safety are eagerly expected, while conventional ethylene carbonate (EC)‐based carbonate electrolytes fail to satisfy corresponding requirements. Comparatively, ether‐based electrolyte systems with fascinating properties have recently been revived in LIBs fields, and many advanced LIBs with exciting performances under ether‐based electrolytes have been developed. This review provides an extensive overview of the latest breakthroughs concerning ether‐based electrolytes applied in LIBs with intercalation cathodes. To systematically outline the progression of ether‐based electrolytes, this review is categorized from the perspective of anodes as follows: i) graphite anode‐based LIBs; ii) silicon anode‐based LIBs; iii) lithium metal anode‐based LIBs. 

Advanced Ether‐Based Electrolytes for Lithium‐ion Batteries

A technical review of CO2 flooding sweep-characteristics research advance and sweep-extend technology

Abstract Lithium metal batteries (LMBs) suffer severe capacity deterioration due to sluggish ionic transport kinetics at extremely low temperatures, which limits their practical operation. Selecting solvents with low desolvation energy, and promoting interfacial Li + transport in solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) are regarded as effective methods to improve electrochemical performances. Herein, 1,3‐dioxolane (DOL) with weak solvating power is adopted for designing a DOL‐based localized high concentration electrolyte (DLHCE) with LiNO 3 as a multifunctional additive. The strong coordination between NO 3 − and DOL molecules not only inhibits the polymerization of DOL at high lithium bis(fluorosulfonyl)imide (LiFSI) concentration, but also reduces the solvent‐diluent miscibility and extends the salt‐solvent solubility. As a result, an anion‐dominated solvation structure is obtained that derives an inorganic‐rich SEI composed of LiF and Li 3 N, guiding the uniform deposition of Li at low temperature. Remarkably, the Li||LiFePO 4 cells retain 53.6% of room temperature capacity at −40 °C, and also present potential application of Li||NCM811 cells under cryogenic environments. 

Toward Ultralow Temperature Lithium Metal Batteries: Advancing the Feasibility of 1,3‐Dioxolane Based Localized High‐Concentration Electrolytes via Lithium Nitrate

Carbon Capture and Storage (CCS) is recognized as a potent strategy for managing the accumulation of human-generated CO 2 in the atmosphere, helping to alleviate climate change’s effects. The CO 2 gas is captured from the point source through methods such as pre-treating fossil fuels, oxy-fuel combustion, or post-combustion capture; thereafter; it is transported to a storage location and injected into geological formations. This article provides an overview of carbon dioxide capture and sequestration, focusing on its key principles, technologies, associated risks, and challenges. Direct Air Capture (DAC) and Scalable Modelling, Artificial intelligence (Al), Rapid Theoretical calculations SMART technologies are detailed as emerging and promising approaches to CO 2 capture. Numerous pilot and commercial projects commissioned to manage carbon dioxide emissions are presented. Additionally, the paper explores approaches combining geological, geophysical, geochemical, and environmental monitoring techniques to ensure the secure and sustainable storage of CO 2 underground. These are essential to address uncertainties, minimize risks, and build public confidence in CCS as a viable climate mitigation strategy. The successful deployment of these technologies on a global scale will require continued innovation, particularly in the areas of monitoring, risk management, and public engagement. Emerging technologies such as AI and SMART systems could play a crucial role in enhancing the efficiency and safety of CCS operations. However, the integration of these advancements with existing infrastructure and regulatory frameworks remains a challenge. Ultimately, a multi-disciplinary approach, combining technological, economic, and regulatory perspectives, will be vital to realizing the full potential of CCS in combating climate change. 

Progress in carbon dioxide capture, storage and monitoring in geological landform

Evolution effect of -CF2- group amount in hydrofluoroether on the solvation structure and high voltage cycle performance of Ether-based localized High-concentration electrolytes

CO2 geological storage in tight sandstone reservoirs is an effective method of CO2 capture, utilization, and storage (CCUS). CO2 migration and flow characteristics in sandstone during geological storage affect the physical and mechanical properties of rocks significantly. In this study, laboratory injection experiments combined with X-ray computed tomography (CT) scanning and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) tests, and computational fluid dynamics (CFD) numerical simulation have been conducted to investigate the effect of geological and engineering parameters on CO2 migration and flow characteristics. The results show that: (1) The injection rate and injection pressure affect the Sc-CO2 migration path. Moreover, the fluid velocity and fluid pressure affect the pressure distribution in pores significantly. Limiting the injection rate and pressure during the CO2 geological storage is beneficial for the stability of the storage. (2) The pressure distribution of the fluid changes with orders of magnitude depending on the injection pressure. However, the overall transient relative pressure is almost consistent and the fluid pressure in the bending section of the bending pores exhibits a linearly decreasing trend. (3) SEM tests provide a connection between laboratory experiments and CFD simulation on microscopic scale. The injection pressure and the acoustic emission (AE) energy have a positive correlation to a certain extent. The Sc-CO2 migration path could be forecasted preliminarily through the fluctuation of the injection pressure-time curves and AE response. The results enrich the theory of CO2 migration and flow characteristics during CO2 geological storage. 

Investigations on CO2 migration and flow characteristics in sandstone during geological storage based on laboratory injection experiment and CFD simulation

In the paper, the high purity citronellal, citronellal and geranial, which had been distilled from industrial crude citronella oil, were used as raw materials. The vapor-liquid equilibrium (VLE) data of citronellal, citronellal and geranial at 3.31kPa (absolute pressure) was measured by the method of single loop reactor vapor-liquid equilibrium. VLE phase diagrams of citronellal-citronellal and citronellal geranial systems were obtained. The phase diagrams showed that the separation of citronellal from citronella oil was easy, while the separation of citronellal and geranial was more difficult through distillation. The basic thermodynamics data provided the foundation of citronella oil separation for industry design.

Vapor-Liquid Equilibrium Data of Citronella Oil Systems

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Evolution effect of -CF2- group amount in hydrofluoroether on the solvation structure and high voltage cycle performance of Ether-based localized High-concentration electrolytes

Investigations on CO2 migration and flow characteristics in sandstone during geological storage based on laboratory injection experiment and CFD simulation

Vapor-Liquid Equilibrium Data of Citronella Oil Systems