Breast cancer (BC) remains an enigmatic fatal modality ubiquitously prevalent in different parts of the world. Contemporary medicines face severe challenges in remediating and healing breast cancer. Due to its spatial specificity and nominal invasive therapeutic regime, photothermal therapy (PTT) has attracted much scientific attention down the lane. PTT utilizes a near-infrared (NIR) light source to irradiate the tumor target intravenously or non-invasively, which is converted into heat energy over an optical fibre. Dynamic progress in nanomaterial synthesis was achieved with specialized visual, physicochemical, biological, and pharmacological features to make up for the inadequacies and expand the horizon of PTT. Numerous nanomaterials have substantial NIR absorption and can function as efficient photothermal transducers. It is achievable to limit the wavelength range of an absorbance peak for specific nanomaterials by manipulating their synthesis, enhancing the precision and quality of PTT. Along the same lines, various nanomaterials are conjugated with a wide range of surface-modifying chemicals, including polymers and antibodies, which may modify the persistence of the nanomaterial and diminish toxicity concerns. In this article, we tend to put forth specific insights and fundamental conceptualizations on pre-existing PTT and its advances upon conjugation with different biocompatible nanomaterials working in synergy to combat breast cancer, encompassing several strategies like immunotherapy, chemotherapy, photodynamic therapy, and radiotherapy coupled with PTT. Additionally, the role or mechanisms of nanoparticles, as well as possible alternatives to PTT, are summarized as a distinctive integral aspect in this article. 

Nanomaterials-assisted Photothermal Therapy for Breast Cancer: State-of-the Advances and Future Perspectives.

Advances in flexible display technology, especially, under-screen camera and on-board display, have created an urgent need for high-temperature stable and colorless transparent polyimide (CPI), but meeting both properties at the same time is a huge challenge in molecular design. In this work, a series of rigid p-terphenylenediamines with different small side groups were synthesized, and the corresponding polyimides (PI-1 ∼ PI-15) were prepared by polymerization with 5,5′-(Perfluoropropane-2,2-diyl) bis(isobenzofuran-1,3-dione) (6FDA) and 9,9-Bis(3,4-dicarboxyphenyl)fluorene dianhydride (BPAF) as dianhydrides. The conformation and steric hindrance of terphenyl-based polyimide chains were affected by the type (-H, -F, -CF3, -CH3), number and substitution position of the small side groups. This feature could be used to regulate transparency and heat resistance of polyimides. Consequently, the rigid terphenyl polyimides with an average transmittance ranging from 79 to 89% in the visible region and the glass transition temperature (Tg) ranging from 339 to 458 °C were successfully obtained. PI-11 and PI-15 containing both -CH3 side groups and -CF3 side groups exhibited excellent comprehensive performance, with a yellowness index (YI) of 1.53 and 5.95, a Tg of 420 and 436 °C, a tensile strength of 148 and 164 MPa, respectively. The strategy of side-group-regulated terphenyl polyimides provides a way for designing multi-aromatic CPIs with high thermal stability and good transparency for photoelectric engineering. 

Colorless transparent and thermally stable terphenyl polyimides with various small side groups for substrate application

The development of polyimide (PI) films with both a low dielectric constant and low dissipation factor at high frequency is an urgent requirement in a new generation of mobile communication technology. Although some breakthroughs have been made in the study of low-dielectric constant polyimide, the main influencing factors and regulation of the high-frequency dissipation factors are still unclear, which severely limits its development and application, and they deserve further study. In this work, we prepared a series of low-dielectric constant polyimide films and measured their high-frequency dielectric properties at different humidity levels by using a homemade system. The free volume and water adsorption of these polyimide films were precisely evaluated by positron annihilation lifetime spectroscopy and the dynamic vapor sorption method, respectively. Our study shows that the main factor affecting the high-frequency dissipation factor of low-dielectric constant PI films is the water adsorption, and the influence of water adsorption capacity and water binding intensity on the increase of the high-frequency dissipation factor is analyzed in detail. The main factors affecting the water adsorption of these polyimide films are the free volume, molecular polarity index (MPI), and morphology. In the case of a similar structure, imide ring density, and morphology, the free volume of DP-BPDA, MDA-BPDA, TPM-BPDA, and FDA-BPDA gradually increases, resulting in an increase in water adsorption and high-frequency dissipation factors. HMDA-BPDA achieves a low water adsorption of 0.44% due to its appropriate free volume, low MPI, and partial crystallinity, thus achieving good comprehensive performance: low dielectric constant (2.84) and low dissipation factor (0.0029) at 50% RH. Therefore, for polymer materials, designing structures with low polarization, appropriate free volume, and low water adsorption will be an effective strategy to achieve both a low dielectric constant and low dissipation factor. 

Relationship among the Water Adsorption, Polymer Structure, and High-Frequency Dissipation Factor: Precise Analysis of Water Adsorption of Low-Dielectric Constant Polyimide Films

Abstract Polyimides have emerged as promising dielectric materials for communication equipment, owing to their excellent thermal stability and processability. Nonetheless, a pressing need remains to reduce the high-frequency dissipation factor ( D f ) of polyimides. Here, we synthesized various polyimides featuring linear backbone structures, finding that polyimides that incorporate a combination of ester groups and ether bonds exhibit low D f values of 0.0015-0.0024 at 10 GHz. Even in high humidity and temperature conditions they maintain low D f values of &lt;0.005 at 10 GHz. To gain insight into the factors influencing this behavior, we conduct a comprehensive study involving aggregation structures and hygroscopic properties. Our findings highlight the pivotal role of high orientation and crystallinity in determining the high-frequency D f of polyimide films. 

High-frequency low-dielectric-loss in linear-backbone-structured polyimides with ester groups and ether bonds

The need to simplify fabrication processes and reduce costs for high-performance humidity sensors is increasingly vital, especially in fields such as healthcare and agriculture. This study introduces a simple and cost-effective approach using laser-induced graphene (LIG) on a polyimide film to create highly sensitive and fast-response flexible humidity sensors. The LIG acts as the electrode, while the porous polyimide between the interdigital LIG electrodes serves as the humidity sensing material, showing changes in electrical conductivity based on the humidity levels. The LIG humidity sensor, an ionic-conduction type, exhibits remarkable sensitivity, with a 28,231-fold increase in current as relative humidity changes from 26.1 to 90.2%. It also boasts of ultrashort response/recovery times (less than 0.5/7 s), providing significant advantages in detecting rapid and subtle humidity variations compared to a commercially available MEMS humidity sensor. We successfully demonstrated the LIG humidity sensor's capabilities in ultrafast breathing monitoring (≈174 times per minute), moisture detection of grains, and detection of sudden water pipe leakage. Due to its straightforward and cost-effective fabrication process, the LIG humidity sensor holds immense practical value for affordable, widespread use across various applications.

Facile and Cost-Effective Fabrication of Highly Sensitive, Fast-Response Flexible Humidity Sensors Enabled by Laser-Induced Graphene.

Polyimides are ideal candidates for 5G high-frequency communications due to their good thermal stability, mechanical properties and processability. However, the exploration of how to reduce their high-frequency dissipation factor (Df) remains an urgent and alluring challenge. Inspired by the molecular structure of liquid crystal polyester, which is insensitive to high-frequency electric fields, here we design two series of polyimides derived from diamines with multiple ester groups (AXEB, X = 1, 2 or 3) and 4,4′-(hexafluoroisopropylidene)diphthalic anhydride (6FDA) or p-phenylene bis (trimellitate anhydride) (TA2EB). We investigated the effects of ester number on the aggregation structure, water absorption, dielectric properties, heat resistance and mechanical properties of the polyimides and find that the Df of the multiple ester-containing polyimides decreases rapidly with increasing frequency and number of ester groups. Wide-angle X-ray diffraction analysis, polarized optical microscopy observations and molecular dynamics simulations show that the unique properties of these polyimides benefit from the tight packing of the molecular chain and the strong intermolecular interaction force caused by the ester group, as well as the resulting prolonged dipole relaxation time and the greatly reduced water absorption. Therefore, the polyimide films show extremely low Df values of 0.0030 for AXEB-6FDA and 0.0013 for AXEB-TA2EB. Furthermore, AXEB-TA2EB also shows excellent thermal stability, mechanical properties, electrical properties and permittivity. More importantly, their ultralow moisture rate (<0.83 %) ensures that the high-frequency Df remains stable in different humid environments, even after soaking in water. This method can also be extended to other polymers, thus providing a new strategy for the design of low dielectric loss materials. 

Polyimide films with ultralow dielectric loss for 5G applications: Influence and mechanism of ester groups in molecular chains

Short-Side-Chain Regulation of Colorless and Transparent Polyamide-Imides for Flexible Transparent Displays

Comprehensive Performance of Polyimide Reinforced by Multiple Hydrogen Bonds for Flexible Electronics Application

The electrochemical supercapacitors with high power density, long cycle life, and excellent safety represent one of the most promising energy storage devices for flexible and portable electronics, but their spontaneously rapid drop of open-circuit voltage (self-discharge) greatly limits their wide applications. Herein, a series of bilayer heterogeneous polyelectrolyts (BHPs) consisting of a polyanion complex and a polycation complex are designed, to regulate the self-discharge performance of supercapacitors. The BHP-based supercapacitors possess comparable energy storage properties with those of devices based on traditional homogeneous polymer electrolyte, but exhibit a unique and noteworthy suppressed effect on the self-discharge performance of devices. The experimental results and theoretical simulation reveal that the zeta potential difference between the used polyanion/polycation complexes has effect on the self-discharge rate of BHP-based supercapacitor, and the electrostatic interaction between polyelectrolytes and the mobile counterions also greatly affects the self-discharge performance of devices. Herein, the effect of molecular structures and their interaction of polyelectrolyte complexes in BHPs on the electrochemical performance of the resultant supercapacitors are systemmatically investigated, which provides a general strategy to design novel polymer electrolytes to build high-performance flexible supercapacitors with long self-discharge time. 

https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdfdirect/10.1002/sstr.202300046

Revealing the Mechanism of Bilayer Heterogeneous Polyelectrolytes to Suppress the Self‐Discharge of Symmetric Supercapacitors

Handle everyday research tasks with reliable, citation-backed results

Your personal Research Agent to handle research tasks with citation-backed results

Popular Tasks used by Researchers

How can I help with your research?

Meet SciSpace

Get more enhanced response by uploading the PDFs you want me to reference.

No relevant PDFs in your library

SciSpace is the AI research assistant for academics. Run systematic literature reviews on 280M+ papers, and write papers with cited sources. Trusted by 1M+ students, PhDs & researchers.

SciSpace | AI for Research

Analyze PDFs

Code & Manuscripts

Funding & Grants

Literature & Patents

Medical & Clinical Data

Systematic Review

Visualize & Present

Web & Data

Build a Google Scholar-like website for your research.

Build a website

Create charts and images for your research

Create a Chart

Write a paper for submission to a journal

Draft a manuscript

Patent Search

Design eye-catching scientific posters in minutes.

Scientific Poster Generation

Systematic Literature Review

One task is running at the moment. Your messages will be shown right after.

Drag and drop or click here to browse

Loved by <highlight>1 million+</highlight> researchers

Extract a list of specific topics and their sources from unstructured text

Topics

Compare and analyze relevant papers that matches with your search

Papers

Get insights from PDFs and bookmarked papers from your library

My library

Recent searches

Try searching for:

Catch AI-generated content in scholarly and non-scholarly content

{ai} Detector

Ai Writer

Get PDF Summaries, highlighted text explanations 

Chat with PDF

Effortlessly create in-text citations and bibliographies in APA and 2,500 other formats

Citation generator

Get explanations, summaries, and answers on academic papers

Ease up your research workflow with {scispace}'s cohort of exciting AI tools

Elevate your academic writing skills and convey your ideas the way you want

Paraphraser

Explore our range of reading and writing tools

Your file is being prepared and should be ready in a few minutes. If it's a large file, it might take a bit longer. You can close this window, and we'll email you the file when it's done.

You have reached a maximum limit of <strong>{limit}</strong> columns in the table. Remove at least <strong>1</strong> column to add or create another one.

Qinghua Lu

Author Tools

Chat about Author