Environmental exposure to volatile organic compounds (VOCs) is ubiquitous, and this study explored whether exposure to VOCs is associated with the risk of kidney stones. We performed a nationally representative US cross-sectional study using data from five survey cycles (2011-2020) of the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) program. Exposure to VOCs was determined by urine creatinine-corrected metabolites of VOCs (mVOCs). In total 5505 participants and 15 urine mVOCs were included for analysis, and the prevalence of kidney stones was 9.57 % (527/5505). Multivariable logistic regression showed that urine AMCC (parent VOCs (pVOCs): N, N-Dimethylformamide), 3,4-MHA (pVOCs: xylene), MA (pVOCs: ethylbenzene; styrene), DHBMA (pVOCs: 1,3-butadiene), HMPMA (pVOCs: crotonaldehyde) and 2HPMA (pVOCs: propylene oxide) were significantly associated with an increased risk of kidney stones in US general population. Sub-analysis revealed that there was a more pronounced association in women and the overweight/obesity group (body mass index ≥ 25). Moreover, the weighted quantile sum (WQS) regression model and the Bayesian kernel machine regression (BKMR) model consistently identified a positive association between co-exposure to VOCs and the risk of kidney stones, in which AMCC played the most important role among the 15 mVOCs. Mediation analysis further identified serum high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL) as a mediator of the association between VOC co-exposure and kidney stones. Our study draws attention to the previously unknown positive associations between non-occupational VOC exposure and the risk of kidney stones in the general population. However, further studies are required to clarify the existence of such causation. 

Serum HDL partially mediates the association between exposure to volatile organic compounds and kidney stones: A nationally representative cross-sectional study from NHANES.

The objective of this study was to evaluate the association between weight-adjusted waist index (WWI) and the prevalence of kidney stones among adults in the United States.The cross-sectional study utilized data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) spanning the years 2007-2018. A total of 31,344 participants were categorized into two groups: those with kidney stones and those without. WWI was determined by dividing waist circumference (cm) by the square root of body weight (kg). To examine the relationship between kidney stones and WWI, multivariate logistic regression models, smoothed curve fitting, and weighted generalized additive model (GAM) regression were employed. Subgroup analysis and interaction tests were conducted to explore the stability of this association across different groups.The final analysis comprised a total of 31,344 participants, including 2,928 individuals who had a history of kidney stones. In the fully adjusted model, an increase in WWI exhibited a positive correlation with the prevalence of kidney stones (OR=1.34, 95% CI: 1.18-1.51). When WWI was converted into quartiles (Q1-Q4), participants in the highest quartile (Q4) had a 69% greater risk of developing kidney stones compared to those in the lowest quartile (Q1) (OR=1.69, 95% CI: 1.28-2.25). This positive association was particularly notable among non-diabetic patients.Our study demonstrates a significant positive association between weight-adjusted waist index levels and an elevated prevalence of kidney stones among US adults. Furthermore, this research highlights the potential utility of weight-adjusted waist index in the prevention of kidney stones in the overall population. This relationship is limited and further research is needed to test this hypothesis.

Higher weight-adjusted waist index is associated with increased likelihood of kidney stones

Using data from NHANES 2007–2018, to examine the association between WWI (weight-adjusted waist index) index and prevalence of kidney stones.Using multiple logistic regression analysis of the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2007–2018, we evaluated the association between WWI index and the prevalence of kidney stones, followed by subgroup analysis of sensitive populations. Smooth curve fitting was used to determine whether there was a non-linear relationship between the WWI index and kidney stone prevalence, and threshold effect analysis was used to test this relationship.Among 29,280 participants, 2,760 self-reported renal calculi. After adjustment for all confounders, there was a positive association between WWI and kidney stone prevalence (OR = 1.20, 95% CI: 1.12, 1.28), and this positive association was stronger with increasing WWI (and P = 0.01 for trend). Our results indicate a non-linear positive correlation between WWI index and kidney stones, with the saturation threshold effect analysis and the most important threshold value at 11.02. According to subgroup analysis, WWI showed the strongest association with kidney stone prevalence in participants aged 20–39 years, males, other US ethnic groups, and participants without hypertension and diabetes.Increased WWI is positively associated with increased incidence of kidney stones, and increased WWI is a high risk for kidney stones that should be treated with caution. This association should be more pronounced in people between the ages of 20 and 39 years, in men, in other US ethnic populations, and in participants who do not have hypertension or diabetes.

Study from the United States: increased prevalence of kidney stones in patients with high weight-adjusted waist index

A nomogram clinical prediction model for predicting urinary infection stones: development and validation in a retrospective study

Abstract Aims: We aimed to assess the association between lipid metabolism and kidney stones in Chinese adults. Methods: Data were obtained from the clinical data of our center in the past 3 years. The analysis included complete data on blood lipids and kidney stones in participants aged ≥18 years and non-stone controls. Weighted multivariate regression analysis and subgroup analysis were used to estimate the relationship between various lipid indexes and nephrolithiasis and burden and recurrence. Results: A total of 414 participants were included in the study, and their gender, age and other basic indicators showed no significant differences. In the adjusted logistic regression analysis results, the prevalence of kidney stones increased with the increase of triglyceride (TG), triglyceride-glucose (TyG) index and Apolipoprotein A-I (AIP) [TG: odds ratio (OR)= 2.14; 95% CI: 1.62-2.81; p &lt; 0.001; TyG: OR=4.30; 95% CI: 2.75-6.72; p &lt; 0.001; AIP: OR=10.12; 95% CI: 4.58-22.35; p &lt; 0.001]. There was still a significant correlation with TyG index in the subgroup analysis of burden (OR=1.52; 95% CI: 1.04-2.22; p &lt; 0.05) and recurrence (OR=2.77; 95% CI: 1.08-7.13; p &lt; 0.05). Conclusions: Lipid metabolism is closely related to urinary system stones, and a higher TyG index is associated with an increased risk of kidney stone incidence, burden, and recurrence. We hypothesize that timely treatment and management of abnormal lipid metabolism may help improve or alleviate the occurrence, burden, and recurrence of urinary system stones. However, further large-scale prospective studies and basic experiments are still needed to clarify the exact causal relationship of this association. 

/pdf/clinical-lipid-metabolism-correlates-with-urinary-calculus-27idquig.pdf

Clinical Lipid Metabolism Correlates with Urinary Calculus: TyG Index Has a Closer Correlation

Objectives We aimed to evaluate the relationship between the proportion of Android to Gynoid ratio and the incidence of kidney stones among US adults. Methods Participants aged 20-59 years from the 2011-2018 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) database were selected to assess the association between Android to Gynoid ratio and kidney stone prevalence using logistic regression analysis, subgroup analysis and calculation of dose-response curves. Results This study ultimately included 10858 participants, of whom 859 self-reported a history of kidney stones. And after adjusting for all confounders, an increased Android to Gynoid ratio was associated with an increased prevalence of kidney stones (OR=2.75, 95% CI:1.62-4.88). And subgroup analysis showed an increased prevalence of kidney stones in women (OR=3.55, 95% CI: 1.54-8.22), non-diabetic (OR=2.59, 95% CI: 1.45-4.60), 60 > age ≥ 40 years (OR=3.51, 95% CI: 1.83-6.71), Mexican-American (OR=4.35, 95% CI: 1.40- 13.53) and white (OR=3.86, 95% CI: 1.82-8.18) groups, there was a significant positive association between A/G ratio and kidney stones. In contrast, in the hypertensive subgroup, the A/G ratio was associated with kidney stones in all groups. Conclusions Higher Android to Gynoid ratio is associated with a high prevalence of kidney stone disease.

/pdf/association-between-body-fat-distribution-and-kidney-stones-3i8p0tkd.pdf

Association between body fat distribution and kidney stones: Evidence from a US population

Lead exposure aggravates calcium oxalate crystal-induced renal injury and inflammation by upregulating IRF7 and promoting M1 macrophage polarization.

Prediction of percutaneous nephrolithotomy outcomes and flexible ureteroscopy outcomes using nephrolithometry scoring systems.

Establishment of a new predictive model for the recurrence of upper urinary tract stones.

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Association between body fat distribution and kidney stones: Evidence from a US population

Lead exposure aggravates calcium oxalate crystal-induced renal injury and inflammation by upregulating IRF7 and promoting M1 macrophage polarization.

Prediction of percutaneous nephrolithotomy outcomes and flexible ureteroscopy outcomes using nephrolithometry scoring systems.

Establishment of a new predictive model for the recurrence of upper urinary tract stones.