The middle and lower Yangtze (MLY) floodplain has one of the most densely distributed lake clusters in China but suffered from long-term lake reclamation and wetland degradation due to intensive cultivation, fish rearing, and urban expansion over the past several decades. As a land-use alternation to support human life, the conversion of lakes to cropland, aquaculture ponds, and human settlements provides essential ecosystem goods at the expense of the deterioration of wetland environment. To quantify the driving factors of lake changes, we investigated the land-use transitions from lakes (≥1 km2) between 1975 and 2015 using Landsat remote sensing data. We found that the dramatic decline in lake area (a net decrease of 13.8 ± 1.4%) over the four decades was largely attributed to human-induced transformation from lakes to cropland, fish ponds, and built-up areas, accounting for 34.6%, 24.2%, and 2.5% of the total area reduction, respectively. The remaining loss, associated with vegetation (37.3%) and bare land (1.4%) and coming mainly from China's two largest freshwater lakes (Poyang and Dongting), can be explained by climate variation, sediment deposition, and hydrological regulation. These findings shed new light on the quantitative impacts of human activities and climate variation on lake changes and provide a scientific foundation for wetland management decision-making.

Impacts of Land-Use Changes on the Lakes across the Yangtze Floodplain in China

Characterizing and attributing the vegetation coverage changes in North Shanxi coal base of China from 1987 to 2020

Diversity of wintering waterbirds enhanced by restoring aquatic vegetation at Shengjin Lake, China.

China’s Loess Plateau region has a weak ecological environment, and the government has invested a considerable amount of money to repair the ecological environment. Vegetation plays an important role in the ecological environment. The Sen slope analysis and the Mann-Kendall trend test were used to analyze the trend and significance of vegetation coverage from 2000 to 2015. The vegetation coverage was analyzed to investigate the influence of land use types and conversion. The Pearson Correlation Test and qualitative analysis were utilized at the pixel and regional scales to investigate the influence of meteorological factors and topographical factors. The fluctuation of vegetation in Shaanxi was analyzed from 2000 to 2015. The impact of anthropogenic activities was investigated using residual trend analysis. Hurst exponent and H/S analysis were applied to investigate the potential future vegetation coverage trend. The vegetation coverage in Shaanxi Province improved from 2000 to 2015. In unchanged land use types, all types showed significant improvements expect for other construction land. In changed land use types, most of the land use types converted into urban land showed degradation. All the land use types converted into dry land, forest, and unused land showed improvements. Ecological protection has achieved great results. Precipitation and temperature partly affect vegetation coverage in Shaanxi. Gradients and elevation affected the distribution of vegetation coverage and human activities influenced land use type and the ecological environment. In the future, potential degradation risks still exist in the parts of Shaanxi Province.

Spatiotemporal variation and influencing factors of vegetation cover in the ecologically fragile areas of China from 2000 to 2015: a case study in Shaanxi Province.

Shengjin Lake is a typical lake wetland in the lower reaches of the Yangtze River. It is one of the most important wetlands in the world. It is also an important habitat for wintering cranes in China. Environmental factors play an important role in habitat selection of cranes of wetland ecosystem. In this paper, we analyzed land-use types and the four kinds of winter cranes in the Shengjin Lake from the years 1986 to 2015. Also, we adopted grey relational analysis and power function model to analyze the relevance between crane population and land-use types, and the main habitat types of cranes were obtained. We used principal component analysis method to analyze the main influence factor for habitat selection of crane. The results indicated that the main habitat type of four species of overwintering crane was reed-flat; the main factors affecting the habitat selection of cranes were water level, planktonic biomass, and distance to settlement. Among them, the weight of water level factor was the highest, which showed that water level was the most important factor affecting the habitat selection of cranes, followed by planktonic biomass, and the third was the weight of distance to settlement. The average values of them were 0.37 m, 9.47 mg L−1, and 1.25 km, respectively.

Habitat selection of wintering cranes (Gruidae) in typical lake wetland in the lower reaches of the Yangtze River, China.

The vegetation coverage in different areas was calculated based on remote sensing images (TM images) in 1986, 2002 and 2011 by employing the method of dimidiate pixel model in Sheng Jin Lake of Anhui province. The vegetation fraction maps of different periods were generated to analyze the temporal change of the vegetation fraction of the Sheng Jin Lake area. The results showed that the vegetation fraction changed greatly from 1986 to 2011. The average vegetation fraction increased from 57.02 to 60.30 %, the medium vegetation coverage continued to increase. The vegetation coverage decreased sharply from 1986 to 2002, and then increased slightly, from 2002 to 2011. The vegetation coverage presented the trend of degradation to recovery. The proportion of the experimental area affected by this trend was larger, which played a considerable role in the environmental quality. In the future, ecological environmental construction should be considered in the experimental area, because of the increasing environment problem in recent decades.

Research on Vegetation Coverage Change in Sheng Jin Lake Wetland of Anhui Province

Research on Ecological Security of Shengjin Lake Wetland (Anhui Province of China) Based on TM Images

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Research on Vegetation Coverage Change in Sheng Jin Lake Wetland of Anhui Province

Research on Ecological Security of Shengjin Lake Wetland (Anhui Province of China) Based on TM Images