Stimuli-responsive nanoparticles, nanogels and capsules for integrated multifunctional intelligent systems

Core/shell nanoparticles in biomedical applications.

Metal and semiconductor nanoparticles exhibit unique optical, electrical, thermal and catalytic properties. Therefore, they have attracted considerable interest and have been employed for construction of various electrochemical sensors. This minireview gives a general view of recent advances in electrochemical sensor development based on metal and semiconductor nanoparticles covering genosensors, protein and enzyme-based sensors, gas sensors and sensor for other organic and inorganic substances. Different assay strategies based on metal and semiconductor nanoparticles for biosensor and bioelectronic applications are presented, including electrochemical, electrical, and magnetic signal transduction techniques. Electrochemical transduction principles provide signal changes in conductance, charge, potential and current. We have paid much attention to the potential-based and current-based sensors herein. Lastly, a brief introduction is given into advances concerning the role of nanoparticles, quantum dots and nanowires for nanomedicine, such as drug delivery and discovery.

Electrochemical sensors based on metal and semiconductor nanoparticles

Advances in nanomaterial-based electrochemical biosensors for the detection of microbial toxins, pathogenic bacteria in food matrices

Conducting polymers are promising materials for organic–inorganic hybrid composites in lithium-ion batteries due to their electrical conductivity and high coulombic efficiency and are able to be cycled hundreds or thousands of times with only slight degradation. Inorganic compounds generally possess good lithium storage properties but lack the conductivity and cyclability required for commercial application. Therefore, these problems need to be overcome before they can be used as effective electrodes. Over the past few years, conductive polymers in combination with inorganic compounds have attracted great interest as promising matrices for the construction of lithium-ion batteries. Because conducting polymers can interact synergistically with inorganic compounds, noteworthy improvements in electrode lifetime, rate capabilities, and voltage, as well as mechanical and thermal stability, have been achieved. This review covers recent advances in synthetic methods and functions of conducting polymers in hybrid composites and their application in lithium-ion batteries. We then present a comparison of other synthetic methods for new research and development in batteries. A brief appraisal of avenues for future developments in this area is also presented.

Conducting polymers and their inorganic composites for advanced Li-ion batteries: a review

Polypyrrole (PPy)-coated Ag composites were synthesized through an immiscible organic/inorganic biphasic system in the presence of polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP). Highly dispersed PPy/Ag was obtained by using interface polymerization and controlling the reactive conditions. The presence of PVP could realize the effective coating of PPy on the surface of Ag. The core−shell structure was directly confirmed by transmission electron microscopy and also characterized by techniques such as Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction. Furthermore, three-layered Au-modified PPy-coated Ag nanocomposite was prepared through the reaction of Au colloidal solution and PPy/Ag. Moreover, Au/PPy/Ag nanocomposite was immobilized on the surface of a glassy carbon electrode and applied to construct a dopamine (DA) biosensor. The biosensor exhibited a fast amperometric response to DA with the linear range from 1 × 10-4 to 5 × 10-3 mol/L.

Ag/Polypyrrole Core-Shell Nanostructures: Interface Polymerization, Characterization, and Modification by Gold Nanoparticles

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Ag/Polypyrrole Core-Shell Nanostructures: Interface Polymerization, Characterization, and Modification by Gold Nanoparticles