Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) are a type of porous hybrid material constructed using metal ions or clusters and organic ligands. In recent years, MOFs have been reported to have many excellent advantages such as a tunable structure, abundant groups, high porosity, large surface areas and good thermal stability, and have been extensively used in many research projects. This review primarily introduces the recent advance of MOFs and MOF complexes in the field of analytical applications. Finally, future opportunities and challenges pertaining to MOF sensors and MOF absorbents are suggested. 

Advances of metal organic frameworks in analytical applications

Monitoring acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and its inhibitors is of importance for early diagnosis and therapy of neurological diseases. Herein, N-doped carbon nanotubes supported Fe-Mn dual-single-atoms (FeMn DSAs/N-CNTs) were fabricated by a simple pyrolysis, as thoroughly figured out by a series of the characterization techniques. The peroxidase-like activity of FeMn DSAs/N-CNTs was investigated by catalytic oxidation of 3,3',5,5'-tetramethylbenzidine (TMB) to generate rich hydroxyl radicals (·OH) in the H2O2 system, which effectively catalyzed colorless TMB oxidation to blue oxidized TMB (ox-TMB). Besides, the peroxidase-like activity was greatly weakened by thiocholine (derived from AChE), accompanied by making blue ox-TMB fade. Impressively, the highly improved peroxidase-like property is further evidenced by density functional theory (DFT) calculations, where the dual-single atoms show a lower energy barrier (0.079 eV) and their interactions with the N-CNTs played critical roles for producing the oxygen radicals. By virtue of the nanozyme, a low-cost, specific, and sensitive colorimetric sensor was built for detection of AChE with a broader linear range of 0.1-30 U L-1 and a lower limit of detection (LOD, 0.066 U L-1), combined with its feasible analysis in human serum samples. Also, this platform was applied for measuring huperzine A inhibitor with a wide linear scope of 5-500 nM and a LOD down to 4.17 nM. This strategy provides a low-cost and convenient approach for early clinical diagnosis and drug development.

N-Doped Carbon Nanotubes Supported Fe-Mn Dual-Single-Atoms Nanozyme with Synergistically Enhanced Peroxidase Activity for Sensitive Colorimetric Detection of Acetylcholinesterase and Its Inhibitor.

https://www.mdpi.com/2079-6374/12/11/928/pdf?version=1667987279

An Overview of the Design of Metal-Organic Frameworks-Based Fluorescent Chemosensors and Biosensors

Novel materials have been developed because of technological advancements combined with material research. Metal-organic frameworks (MOF) technology has been investigated for biomedical applications in this line. Nonetheless, as our team has learned from current literature, selecting metal ions/organic linkers, synthesis techniques, water stability/solubility, toxicity, and the possibility of biomolecules/drugs (enzyme, protein, DNA/RNA, and antibodies, among others) tagging/conjugation are the major challenges/factors. These issues/factors have an impact on MOFs’ performance in biomedical applications, and they also raise a lot of doubts about its real-time biological utility in the near future. We targeted a comprehensive review on the MOFs for biomedical applications to keep these considerations in mind. The evolution of MOF technology is based on their interesting features such as biological or pharmacological activity, biocompatibility, limited toxicity, and particular host–guest interactions, as well as environmental friendliness. In this paper, we have summarized the state-of-the-art progress pertaining to MOFs’ biomedical applications such as biosensing, biomedical, and drug delivery applications in this field that is still very new.

/pdf/progressive-trends-on-the-biomedical-applications-of-metal-2ser2lt7.pdf

Progressive Trends on the Biomedical Applications of Metal Organic Frameworks

Sensors, the underlying technology that supports the Internet of Things, are undergoing multi-disciplinary integration development to constantly improve the efficiency of human production and life. Simultaneously, the application scenarios in emerging fields such as medical diagnosis, environmental monitoring and industrial safety put forward higher requirements for sensing capabilities. Over the last decade, single-atom catalysts (SACs) have attracted tremendous attention in fields such as environment and energy due to their high atom utilization efficiencies, controllable active sites, tailorable coordination environments and structural/chemical stability. These extraordinary characteristics extend the sensitivity and selectivity of sensors beyond their current limitations. Here, we start with the working principles of SAC-based sensors, and summarize the relationship between sensor performance and intrinsic properties of SACs, followed by an overview of the design strategy development. We then review the recent advances in SAC-based sensors in different fields and highlight the future opportunities and challenges in their exciting applications.

Single-atom catalysts: promotors of highly sensitive and selective sensors.

MicroRNAs are short noncoding regulatory RNAs that are increasingly used as disease biomarkers. Rapid, sensitive, and quantitative microRNAs detection methods with high specificity are imperative. Here, we for the first time developed a DNA-functionalized metal-organic framework (MOF)-based ratiometric fluorescent probe using the interaction between Thiazole Orange (TO) dye and Rhodamine B(RhB) dye molecules, and achieved sensitive detection and imaging of miRNA-21 in living cells. Among them, DNA was successfully conjugated with MOF through the Zr-O-P bond in a single step with high efficiency. Based on this ratiometric fluorescent probe, picomolar limit detection (57 pM) for miRNA-21 can be obtained without signal amplification. After penetration into the cell, intracellular miRNA-21 can also be imaged by strand-displacement reaction, even distinguishing cancer cells from normal cells was achieved. This work paves the way for the development of DNA-functionalized MOF for intracellular molecules analysis and is of great significance for the early disease diagnosis. 

DNA-Functionalized Metal-Organic Framework Ratiometric Nanoprobe for MicroRNA Detection and Imaging in Live Cells

Well-distributed metals anchored on supports have attracted great attention owing to their potential application as cost-effective catalysts. Here, we demonstrate the successful preparation of Au-decorated N-rich carbon dot (Au-CD) nanocomposites, which possess excellent stability in aqueous media. The Au-CDs exhibit remarkable peroxidase-mimicking activity and high affinity to the substrate due to the fast electron-transfer process and ligand-free surface. Based on this, an Au-CD nanozyme-based colorimetric biosensor was successfully developed to assess the activity of acetylcholinesterase with high sensitivity and selectivity. More importantly, an ideal performance was achieved in clinical serum analysis. This work paves the way for the development of well-distributed metals anchored on supports as nanozymes for sensing applications. 

Au-Decorated N-Rich Carbon Dots as Peroxidase Mimics for the Detection of Acetylcholinesterase Activity

Rapidly and sensitively surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) detection of molecular biomarkers from real samples is still a challenge, because the intrinsically trace analytes may have a low molecular affinity for...

Ultrasensitive Detection of Vitamin E by Signal Conversion Combined with Core-satellite Structure-based Plasmon Coupling Effect

Techniques to Facilitate the Performance of Mass Spectrometry: Sample Preparation, Liquid Chromatography, and Non‐Mass‐Spectrometric Detection

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DNA-Functionalized Metal-Organic Framework Ratiometric Nanoprobe for MicroRNA Detection and Imaging in Live Cells

Au-Decorated N-Rich Carbon Dots as Peroxidase Mimics for the Detection of Acetylcholinesterase Activity

Ultrasensitive Detection of Vitamin E by Signal Conversion Combined with Core-satellite Structure-based Plasmon Coupling Effect

Techniques to Facilitate the Performance of Mass Spectrometry: Sample Preparation, Liquid Chromatography, and Non‐Mass‐Spectrometric Detection