Volumes in this widely revered series present comprehensive reviews of drug substances and additional materials, with critical review chapters that summarize information related to the characterization of drug substances and excipients. This organizational structure meets the needs of the pharmaceutical community and allows for the development of a timely vehicle for publishing review materials on this topic. The scope of the Profiles series encompasses review articles and database compilations that fall within one of the following six broad categories: Physical profiles of drug substances and excipients; Analytical profiles of drug substances and excipients; Drug metabolism and pharmacokinetic profiles of drug substances and excipients; Methodology related to the characterization of drug substances and excipients; Methods of chemical synthesis; and Reviews of the uses and applications for individual drug substances, classes of drug substances, or excipients. * Contributions from leading authorities * Informs and updates on all the latest developments in the field

Profiles of Drug Substances, Excipients, and Related Methodology

Supercritical carbon dioxide-based technologies for the production of drug nanoparticles/nanocrystals - A comprehensive review.

Algae are considered pigment-producing organisms The function of these compounds in algae is to carry out photosynthesis They have a great variety of pigments, which can be classified into three large groups: chlorophylls, carotenoids, and phycobilins Within the carotenoids are xanthophylls Xanthophylls (fucoxanthin, astaxanthin, lutein, zeaxanthin, and β-cryptoxanthin) are a type of carotenoids with anti-tumor and anti-inflammatory activities, due to their chemical structure rich in double bonds that provides them with antioxidant properties In this context, xanthophylls can protect other molecules from oxidative stress by turning off singlet oxygen damage through various mechanisms Based on clinical studies, this review shows the available information concerning the bioactivity and biological effects of the main xanthophylls present in algae In addition, the algae with the highest production rate of the different compounds of interest were studied It was observed that fucoxanthin is obtained mainly from the brown seaweeds Laminaria japonica, Undaria pinnatifida, Hizikia fusiformis, Sargassum spp, and Fucus spp The main sources of astaxanthin are the microalgae Haematococcus pluvialis, Chlorella zofingiensis, and Chlorococcum sp Lutein and zeaxanthin are mainly found in algal species such as Scenedesmus spp, Chlorella spp, Rhodophyta spp, or Spirulina spp However, the extraction and purification processes of xanthophylls from algae need to be standardized to facilitate their commercialization Finally, we assessed factors that determine the bioavailability and bioaccesibility of these molecules We also suggested techniques that increase xanthophyll’s bioavailability

Xanthophylls from the Sea: Algae as Source of Bioactive Carotenoids.

Microencapsulation of natural dyes with biopolymers for application in food: A review

Microalgae are microorganisms with a singular biochemical composition, including several biologically active compounds with proven pharmacological activities, such as anticancer, antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities, among others. These properties make microalgae an interesting natural resource to be used as a functional ingredient, as well as in the prevention and treatment of diseases, or cosmetic formulations. Nevertheless, natural bioactives often possess inherent chemical instability and/or poor solubility, which are usually associated with low bioavailability. As such, their industrial potential as a health-promoting substance might be severely compromised. In this context, encapsulation systems are considered as a promising and emerging strategy to overcome these shortcomings due to the presence of a surrounding protective layer. Diverse systems have already been reported in the literature for natural bioactives, where some of them have been successfully applied to microalgae compounds. Therefore, this review focuses on exploring encapsulation systems for microalgae biomass, their extracts, or purified bioactives for food, pharmaceutical, and cosmetic purposes. Moreover, this work also covers the most common encapsulation techniques and types of coating materials used, along with the main findings regarding the beneficial effects of these systems.

https://www.mdpi.com/1660-3397/18/12/644/pdf

Microalgae Encapsulation Systems for Food, Pharmaceutical and Cosmetics Applications.

Enhancing the stability of astaxanthin by encapsulation in poly (l-lactic acid) microspheres using a supercritical anti-solvent process

Supercritical CO2 anti-solvent (SAS) process is a green and effective method to produce particles with designated microstructures In this study, the particle microstructures of gefitinib, a potent anticancer agent, are tailored by the SAS process to improve its aqueous solubility The dichloromethane/ethanol (1:4, v/v) was selected as the suitable solvent from typical solvents used in the SAS process at first Then, the effects of other SAS operating parameters, ie, the flow rate of gefitinib solution (F), the concentration of gefitinib in the solution (C), the precipitation pressure (P) and the temperature (T), on the gefitinib particle size were investigated in detail Lower F, lower C, higher P and suitable T were recommended for the formation of gefitinib particles with small particle size The properties of the raw material and SAS processed samples of gefitinib were characterized by different methods The results showed that a new polymorphic form (Form β) of gefitinib, which present different physicochemical properties, ie, smaller particle size, narrower particle size distribution and higher solubility, with raw gefitinib (Form 1), was captured after the SAS process The predicted structures of gefitinib crystals, which were consistent with the experiments, were performed from their experimental XRD data by the direct space approach using the Reflex module of Materials Studio Meanwhile, the SAS processed gefitinib particles showed much higher solubility and faster dissolution rate than that of raw gefitinib, which had the potential to improve its bioavailability and decrease the dose-related adverse effects

Tailoring the particle microstructures of gefitinib by supercritical CO2 anti-solvent process

Design of gefitinib-loaded poly (l-lactic acid) microspheres via a supercritical anti-solvent process for dry powder inhalation

Co‐Crystal of Paracetamol and Trimethylglycine Prepared by a Supercritical CO2 Anti‐Solvent Process

The invention discloses a method for preparing micron-scale polymer particles. The method comprises the steps: heating and stirring polymer raw materials and a solvent in a closed reactor, so as to completely dissolve polymers; introducing high-pressure inert gas into the closed reactor so as to boost the reactor pressure to actuating pressure, feeding the obtained polymer solution to a spraying granulator, so as to eject a suspension in the form of atomizing, wherein the polymer solution is subjected to pexitropy through a throttling effect while the polymer solution is atomized; and feeding the obtained suspension containing the polymer particles to a high-speed centrifugal separator for centrifugal separation, thereby obtaining a concentrated polymer particle product and a settled solution obtained after the centrifugal separation. According to the method, the narrow-dispersion micron-scale polymer particles with the solid content of 10-30% and the particle size smaller than 5 microns are obtained, the high-energy-consumption problem of the existing liquid nitrogen refrigerating machinery crushing methods and vapor deposition methods can be effectively avoided, and the loss of the solvent and raw materials is further lowered through solvent recovery, so that the efficient preparation of the controllable micron-scale polymer particles is achieved.

Method for preparing micron-scale polymer particles

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