As nano-scale biological vesicles, extracellular vesicles (EVs)/exosomes, in particular, exosomes derived from mesenchymal stem cells (MSC-exosomes), have been studied in the diagnosis, prevention, and treatment of many diseases. In addition, through the combination of nanotechnology and biotechnology, exosomes have emerged as innovative tools for the development of nanomedicine. This review focuses on a profound summarization of MSC-exosomes as a powerful tool in bionanomedicine. It systemically summarizes the role of MSC-exosomes as a nanocarrier, drug loading and tissue engineering, and their potential contribution in a series of diseases as well as the advantages of exosomes over stem cells and synthetic nanoparticles and potential disadvantages. The in-depth understanding of the functions and mechanisms of exosomes provides insights into the basic research and clinical transformation in the field of nanomedicine.

/pdf/mesenchymal-stem-cell-derived-exosomes-a-promising-2seywv3o8e.pdf

Mesenchymal Stem Cell-Derived Exosomes: A Promising Biological Tool in Nanomedicine.

Recent advances of aptasensors for exosomes detection

Detection of colorectal cancer-derived exosomes based on covalent organic frameworks.

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are emerging as a new source of biomarkers in liquid biopsy because of their wide presence in most body fluids and their ability to load cargoes from disease-related cells. Owing to the crucial role of EVs in disease diagnosis and treatment, significant efforts have been made to isolate, detect, and analyze EVs with high efficiency. A recent overview of advanced EV detection nanotechnologies is discussed here. First, several key challenges in EV-based liquid biopsies are introduced. Then, the related pivotal advances in nanotechnologies for EV isolation based on physical features, chemical affinity, and the combination of nanostructures and chemical affinity are summarized. Next, a summary of high-sensitivity sensors for EV detection and advanced approaches for single EV detection are provided. Later, EV analysis is introduced in practical clinical scenarios, and the application of machine learning in this field is highlighted. Finally, future opportunities for the development of next-generation nanotechnologies for EV detection are presented.

https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1002/advs.202102789

Advanced Nanotechnologies for Extracellular Vesicle-Based Liquid Biopsy.

One-step quantification of salivary exosomes based on combined aptamer recognition and quantum dot signal amplification.

Periodontitis and hypertension often occur as comorbidities, which need to be treated at the same time. To resolve this issue, we proposed a controlled-release composite hydrogel approach with dual antibacterial and anti-inflammatory activities as a resolution to achieve the goal of co-treatment of comorbidities. Specifically, chitosan (CS) with inherent antibacterial properties was crosslinked with antimicrobial peptide (AMP)-modified polyethylene glycol (PEG) to form a dual antibacterial hydrogel (CS-PA). Subsequently, curcumin loaded into biodegradable nanoparticles (CNP) were embedded in the hydrogel exhibiting high encapsulation efficiency and sustained release to achieve long-term anti-inflammatory activities. In a mouse model of periodontitis complicated with hypertension, CS-PA/CNP was applied to gingival sulcus and produced an optimal therapeutic effect on periodontitis and hypertension simultaneously. The therapeutic mechanisms were deeply studied and indicated that CS-PA/CNP exerted excellent immunoregulatory effects by suppressing the accumulation of lymphocytes and myeloid cells and enhanced the antioxidant capacity and thus the anti-inflammatory capacity of macrophages through the glutathione metabolism pathway. In conclusion, CS-PA/CNP has demonstrated its superior therapeutic effects and potential clinical translational value in the co-treatment of periodontitis and hypertension, and also serves as a drug delivery platform to provide combinatorial therapeutic options for periodontitis with complicated pathogenesis. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

Alleviate Periodontitis and its Comorbidity Hypertension using A Nanoparticle-embedded Functional Hydrogel System.

Abstract Recently, programmable assembly technologies have enabled the application of DNA in the creation of new nanomaterials with unprecedented functionality. One of the most common DNA nanostructures is the tetrahedral DNA nanostructure (TDN), which has attracted great interest worldwide due to its high stability, simple assembly procedure, high predictability, perfect programmability, and excellent biocompatibility. The unique spatial structure of TDN allows it to penetrate cell membranes in abundance and regulate cellular biological properties as a natural genetic material. Previous studies have demonstrated that TDNs can regulate various cellular biological properties, including promoting cells proliferation, migration and differentiation, inhibiting cells apoptosis, as well as possessing anti-inflammation and immunomodulatory capabilities. Furthermore, functional molecules can be easily modified at the vertices of DNA tetrahedron, DNA double helix structure, DNA tetrahedral arms or DNA tetrahedral cage structure, enabling TDN to be used as a nanocarrier for a variety of biological applications, including targeted therapies, molecular diagnosis, biosensing, antibacterial treatment, antitumor strategies, and tissue regeneration. In this review, we mainly focus on the current progress of TDN-based nanomaterials for antimicrobial applications, bone and cartilage tissue repair and regeneration. The synthesis and characterization of TDN, as well as the biological merits are introduced. In addition, the challenges and prospects of TDN-based nanomaterials are also discussed.

https://www.dovepress.com/getfile.php?fileID=91055

The Current Progress of Tetrahedral DNA Nanostructure for Antibacterial Application and Bone Tissue Regeneration

2D magnetic MoS2–Fe3O4 hybrid nanostructures for ultrasensitive exosome detection in GMR sensor

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Alleviate Periodontitis and its Comorbidity Hypertension using A Nanoparticle-embedded Functional Hydrogel System.

The Current Progress of Tetrahedral DNA Nanostructure for Antibacterial Application and Bone Tissue Regeneration

2D magnetic MoS2–Fe3O4 hybrid nanostructures for ultrasensitive exosome detection in GMR sensor