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Biochars, produced by pyrolyzing vermicompost at 300, 500, and 700°C were characterized and their ability to adsorb the dyes Congo red (CR) and Methylene blue (MB) in an aqueous solution was investigated. The physical and chemical properties of biochars varied significantly based on the pyrolysis temperatures. Analysis of the data revealed that the aromaticity, polarity, specific surface area, pH, and ash content of the biochars increased gradually with the increase in pyrolysis temperature, while the cation exchange capacity, and carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen and oxygen contents decreased. The adsorption kinetics of CR and MB were described by pseudo-second-order kinetic models. Both of Langmuir and Temkin model could be employed to describe the adsorption behaviors of CR and MB by these biochars. The biochars generated at higher pyrolysis temperature displayed higher CR adsorption capacities and lower MB adsorption capacities than those compared with the biochars generated at lower pyrolysis temperatures. The biochar generated at the higher pyrolytic temperature displayed the higher ability to adsorb CR owing to its promoted aromaticity, and the cation exchange is the key factor that positively affects adsorption of MB.

/pdf/removal-of-congo-red-and-methylene-blue-from-aqueous-3164vg9jyh.pdf

Removal of Congo Red and Methylene Blue from Aqueous Solutions by Vermicompost-Derived Biochars

The physicochemical properties of biochars, produced from vermicompost and subject to pyrolysis at temperatures between 400–700 °C, were investigated, as well as their potential application as an environmental absorbent. Results indicated that the biochar yields were relatively high throughout this temperature range, but it decreased from 78.1% to 70.6% as the pyrolysis temperature increased to 700 °C. The mineral nutrients and heavy metals in the biochars were also condensed as the pyrolysis temperature increased. Additionally, the pyrolysis temperature also positively affected the formation of total basic functional groups (TBFGs) and pore development. The biochars generated from vermicompost were characterized by alkalinity, high stability, high buffering ability and high apparent density. When the biochars were employed as an adsorbent for removing heavy metal ions, dyes and organic contaminants, the biochars generated at higher temperatures possessed better adsorption abilities of these contaminants, and the maximum adsorption capacity of the biochar at 700 °C was 36.4 mg g−1, 29.5 mg g−1, 12.4 mg g−1, 12.3 mg g−1, 17.8 mg g−1, and 8.2 mg g−1 for Cu2+, Cd2+, methyl orange, rhodamine B, naphthalene, and nitrobenzene, respectively.

Effects of pyrolysis temperature on the physicochemical properties of biochar derived from vermicompost and its potential use as an environmental amendment

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Removal of Congo Red and Methylene Blue from Aqueous Solutions by Vermicompost-Derived Biochars

Effects of pyrolysis temperature on the physicochemical properties of biochar derived from vermicompost and its potential use as an environmental amendment