The present study is designed to compare demographic characteristics, plasma biochemistry, and the oral microbiome in obese (N = 37) and lean control (N = 36) subjects enrolled at Qatar Biobank, Qatar. Plasma hormones, enzymes, and lipid profiles were analyzed at Hamad Medical Cooperation Diagnostic Laboratory. Saliva microbiome characterization was carried out by 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing using Illumina MiSeq platform. Obese subjects had higher testosterone and sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG) concentrations compared to the control group. A negative association between BMI and testosterone (P < 0.001, r = -0.64) and SHBG (P < 0.001, r = -0.34) was observed. Irrespective of the study groups, the oral microbiome was predominantly occupied by Streptococcus, Prevotella, and Veillonella species. A generalized linear model revealed that the Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes ratio (2.25 ± 1.83 vs. 1.76 ± 0.58; corrected P-value = 0.04) was higher, and phylum Fusobacteria concentration (4.5 ± 3.0 vs. 6.2 ± 4.3; corrected P-value = 0.05) was low in the obese group compared with the control group. However, no differences in microbiome diversity were observed between the two groups as evaluated by alpha (Kruskal-Wallis P ≥ 0.78) and beta (PERMANOVA P = 0.37) diversity indexes. Certain bacterial phyla (Acidobacteria, Bacteroidetes, Fusobacteria, Proteobacteria, Spirochaetes, and Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes) were positively associated (P = 0.05, r ≤ +0.5) with estradiol, fast food consumption, creatinine, breastfed during infancy, triglycerides, and thyroid-stimulating hormone concentrations. In conclusion, no differences in oral microbiome diversity were observed between the studied groups. However, the Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes ratio, a recognized obesogenic microbiome trait, was higher in the obese subjects. Further studies are warranted to confirm these findings in a larger cohort.

https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2607/7/12/645/pdf

Profiling the Oral Microbiome and Plasma Biochemistry of Obese Hyperglycemic Subjects in Qatar.

Objectives
To compare the differences in intestinal phylum firmicutes between elderly patients with type 2 diabetes(T2DM)and the healthy elder people.


Methods
37 elderly patients with T2DM and 69 healthy controls in Shaoxin city were recruited.DNA of phylum firmicutes from fecal samples was extracted.The real-time quantitative PCR was used with special primers for bacterial genus including Faecalibacterium prausnitzii, Eubacterium rectale, Clostridium leptum, and Peptostrepyococc.The differences in content of different bacteria between two groups were analyzed and compared.


Results
In healthy elderly group versus the elder patient with T2DM, the contents of intestinal phylum firmicutes were〔(6.22±1.41)×107 versus(5.41±1.40)×107, t=2.83, P=0.006〕in Eubacterium rectale, 〔(7.46±0.98)× 107 versus(6.96±1.40)×107), t=2.13, P=0.036〕in Faecali bacterium prausnitzii, 〔(7.89±0.89)×107 versus(7.46±1.11)×107, t=2.15, P=0.034〕in Clostridium leptum, and〔(4.86±1.33)×107 versus(4.21±1.24)×107, t=2.45, P=0.016〕in Peptostrepyococc, which showed that the contents of intestinal phylum firmicutes were less in T2DM group than in healthy elderly group.


Conclusions
There are some differences in intestinal flora between the elderly patients with T2DM and healthy people.These intestinal flora may play an important role in the development of T2DM.This study may provide new evidences for probiotic treatment of T2DM.


Key words: 
Diabetes mellitus Type 2; Entero bacteriaceae

Study on the changes in intestinal phylum firmicutes in elderly patients with type 2 diabetes

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Study on the changes in intestinal phylum firmicutes in elderly patients with type 2 diabetes