Despite the challenges posed by drug resistance and side effects, chemotherapy remains a pivotal strategy in cancer treatment. A key issue in this context is macroautophagy (commonly known as autophagy), a dysregulated cell death mechanism often observed during chemotherapy. Autophagy plays a cytoprotective role by maintaining cellular homeostasis and recycling organelles, and emerging evidence points to its significant role in promoting cancer progression. Cisplatin, a DNA-intercalating agent known for inducing cell death and cell cycle arrest, often encounters resistance in chemotherapy treatments. Recent studies have shown that autophagy can contribute to cisplatin resistance or insensitivity in tumor cells through various mechanisms. This resistance can be mediated by protective autophagy, which suppresses apoptosis. Additionally, autophagy-related changes in tumor cell metastasis, particularly the induction of Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition (EMT), can also lead to cisplatin resistance. Nevertheless, pharmacological strategies targeting the regulation of autophagy and apoptosis offer promising avenues to enhance cisplatin sensitivity in cancer therapy. Notably, numerous non-coding RNAs have been identified as regulators of autophagy in the context of cisplatin chemotherapy. Thus, therapeutic targeting of autophagy or its associated pathways holds potential for restoring cisplatin sensitivity, highlighting an important direction for future clinical research. 

Autophagy-driven regulation of cisplatin response in human cancers: Exploring molecular and cell death dynamics.

Methane as the main component in natural gas is a promising chemical raw material for synthesizing value-added chemicals, but its harsh chemical conversion process often causes severe energy and environment concerns. Photocatalysis provides an attractive path to active and convert methane into various products under mild conditions with clean and sustainable solar energy, although many challenges remain at present. In this review, recent advances in photocatalytic methane conversion are systematically summarized. As the basis of methane conversion, the activation of methane is first elucidated from the structural basis and activation path of methane molecules. The study is committed to categorizing and elucidating the research progress and the laws of the intricate methane conversion reactions according to the target products, including photocatalytic methane partial oxidation, reforming, coupling, combustion, and functionalization. Advanced photocatalytic reactor designs are also designed to enrich the options and reliability of photocatalytic methane conversion performance evaluation. The challenges and prospects of photocatalytic methane conversion are also discussed, which in turn offers guidelines for methane-conversion-related photocatalyst exploration, reaction mechanism investigation, and advanced photoreactor design.

Photodriven Methane Conversion on Transition Metal Oxide Catalyst: Recent Progress and Prospects.

Conversion of carbon dioxide (CO2) to value-added chemicals via solar energy input possesses great significance in industry for the synthesis of key chemical feedstocks and reduces emission of greenhouse gas. However, the current efficiency is still far from satisfying, especially suffering from high energy consumption and severe deactivation of the catalysts. To solve this problem, the photo-thermal co-catalytic has been widely used in CO2 reduction, because the introduction of light can effectively reduce the energy barrier of the thermal reaction, and provide milder reaction conditions. The synthesis of robust and low-cost photo-thermal catalysts are crucial for the CO2 conversion. Recently, the significant progress has been made in regulating the structure and composition of photo-thermal catalysts and understanding the photo-thermal co-catalytic mechanism and structure–activity relationship. In this review, we first introduce the fundamentals of photo-thermal co-catalysis and possible reaction pathways of CO2 hydrogenation. Subsequently, various photo-thermal catalysts for CO2 conversion are overviewed, including metal/metal oxides, metal/carbides, metal/nitrides, sulphides, phosphides, layered double hydroxides and its derivatives. Thereafter, photo-thermal co-catalysis processes for CO2 conversion are summarized, including CO2 hydrogenation to methane/methanol/carbon monoxide/C2+ hydrocarbons, CO2 reforming of CH4, CO2-assisted hydrocarbons (ethane/propane) dehydrogenation, and solar thermochemical splitting of CO2. Ultimately, we discuss the challenges and perspectives of photo-thermal reduction of CO2. The main purpose of this review is to provide some insights into photo-thermal catalysts design, and a deep understanding of mechanism of CO2 reduction, as well as giving an appreciation of application prospects for photo-thermal co-catalytic CO2 conversion technology. 

A comprehensive review on photo-thermal co-catalytic reduction of CO2 to value-added chemicals

Molecular oxygen as a green, non-toxic, and inexpensive oxidant has displayed numerous advantages compared with other oxidants for more sustainable and environmentally benign pollutant degradation. Molecular oxygen activation stands as a groundbreaking approach in advanced oxidation processes, offering efficient environmental remediation with minimal environmental impact with the production of high-oxidation reactive oxygen species (ROS). The adaptability and energy efficiency of molecular oxygen activation significantly contribute to the progression of sustainable water remediation technologies. This review meticulously explores the principles and mechanisms of molecular oxygen activation, shedding light on the diverse ROS production pathways. Subsequently, this review comprehensively details contemporary activation approaches, including photocatalytic activation, electrocatalytic activation, piezoelectric activation, and photothermal activation, explicating their distinct activation mechanisms. Additionally, it delves into the promising applications of molecular oxygen activation in the degradation of water pollutants, primary air pollutants, and volatile organic compounds, providing an in-depth analysis of the associated degradation pathways and mechanisms. Moreover, this review also addresses the imminent challenges and emerging opportunities in environmental remediation. It is envisioned that this comprehensive analysis will spur ongoing exploration and innovation in the use of molecular oxygen activation for environmental remediation and beyond. 

Molecular oxygen activation: Innovative techniques for environmental remediation.

Amorphous/crystalline Cu1.5Mn1.5O4 with rich oxygen vacancies for efficiently photothermocatalytic mineralization of toluene

Strong metal-support interactions (SMSI) of has gained great attention in the heterogeneous catalysis, but its negative role in regulating light-induced electrons transfer is rarely explored. Herein, SMSI significantly restrains the activity of Ru/TiO2 in light-driven CO2 reduction by CH4 due to the photo-induced electrons transfer from TiO2 to Ru. In contrast, benefiting from the suppressive SMSI, Ru/TiO2-H2 achieves a 46-fold CO2 conversion rate than Ru/TiO2. For Ru/TiO2-H2, considerable photo-excited hot electrons from Ru nanoparticles (NPs) migrate to oxygen vacancies (OVs) and facilitate the CO2 activation under illumination, simultaneously leaving an electron-deficient status of Ruδ+ to accelerate CH4 decomposition. Consequently, the photothermal catalysis over Ru/TiO2-H2 lowers the activation energy and overcomes limitations of a purely thermal system. This work offers a novel strategy for designing efficient photothermal catalysts via regulating two-phase interaction.

Suppressive Strong Metal-Support Interactions on Ruthenium/TiO2 Promote Light-Driven Photothermal CO2 Reduction with Methane.

CPSF6-mediated XBP1 3'UTR shortening attenuates cisplatin-induced ER stress and elevates chemo-resistance in lung adenocarcinoma.

Light-driven photothermal catalytic oxidation of toluene over CuOx-WOx/mTiO2-x-USY: Revealing CuOx-WOx synergy

The instability caused by coking and catalyst sintering during dry reforming of methane (DRM) is a major obstacle to their commercialization. Herein, Pt/La2O3 exhibits high yield of syngas and satisfactory...

Light-driven Efficient Dry Reforming of Methane over Pt/La2O3 with Long-Time Durability

Introduction In adult patients with thin phenotype, gingival recession is obvious in the mandibular incisors after a large amount of lingual tooth movement. A systematic review indicated that soft tissue augmentation before orthodontic treatment might yield satisfactory results with respect to the progression of gingival recession. However, the studies included had a low-to-moderate level of evidence. This study was designed to investigate the efficacy of soft tissue augmentation prior to orthodontic treatment on the prevention of gingival recession. Method and analysis This is a single-centre, single-blind, randomised controlled, double-armed parallel group comparison trial. This study was initiated in December 2021 and end in December 2025 (anticipated). Patients with mild crowding in the lower arch and a thin gingival type was enrolled and randomly assigned in a 1:1 ratio to either group A (having soft tissue augmentation prior to orthodontic treatment) or group B (having orthodontic treatment only). The planned number of enrolled patients was 48 (24 patients × 2 groups). The primary endpoint was the mean change in recession of the gingival margin. Secondary endpoints included the probing depth, gingival phenotype, frequency of complete root coverage, gingival thickness, width of the keratinised gingiva, clinical attachment level, gingival recession class, full-mouth plaque score, alveolar bone thickness in the faciolingual dimension of the lower anterior teeth and lower incisor inclination. Ethics and dissemination The study protocol was approved by the Ethical Committee of the Shanghai Stomatological Hospital (certificate number (2021)016). The study was conducted in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki, the Clinical Trials Act and other current legal regulations in China. Written informed consent was obtained from all the participants. The results of this study will be reported in journal publications. Trial registration number ChiCTR2100050892.

/pdf/efficacy-of-periodontal-soft-tissue-augmentation-prior-to-3m98c3oe.pdf

Efficacy of periodontal soft tissue augmentation prior to orthodontic treatment on preventing gingival recession: study protocol for a randomised controlled trial

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