Spatiotemporal variations of PM2.5 and PM10 concentrations between 31 Chinese cities and their relationships with SO2, NO2, CO and O3

Transport of a Severe Dust Storm in March 2007 and Impacts on Chlorophyll a Concentration in the Yellow Sea

Ambient measurements of SO2, O3, NOx, NOy and CO were made at Shangdianzi (SDZ), a rural site in the northeast (NE) of Beijing, and urban Beijing (China Meteorological Administration) from 1 June 2008 to 31 August 2008. The pollutants at SDZ showed very different levels under different wind conditions, with the levels under the southwest (SW) wind being much higher than those under the NE wind. The SW wind facilitates the transport of urban plume to SDZ, whereas the NE wind provides a background condition. At SDZ, theOzone(O 3) concentration in air masses from urban Beijing was found to be 33.490.4 ppbv higher than that from clean regions in summer. The ozone production efficiency (OPEx) for theurban plume and background condition was 4.0 and 5.3, respectively. Based on these OPEx values and the NOz values for the respective conditions, the contribution of in-situ production in the urban plume to the level of O3 at SDZ is estimated to be 8.6 ppbv, corresponding only to 25.7% of the total impact of urban plume transport. This suggests that direct transport of O3 rather than in-situ photochemistry contributes mainly to the summer elevation of the level of O3 at SDZ. Keywords: regional transport; O3; NOy; ozone production efficiency (OPEx); sources (Published: 9 March 2012) Citation: Tellus B 2012, 64 , 17348, DOI: 10.3402/tellusb.v64i0.17348

https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.3402/tellusb.v64i0.17348

Impact of the regional transport of urban Beijing pollutants on downwind areas in summer: ozone production efficiency analysis

China has been suffering serious particulate matter (PM) pollution in recent decades. Local emission and regional transport both contribute to PM pollution. Determining the contributions of local emissions vs. regional transport to PM concentrations is crucial in making effective PM control policies. This paper reviews the recent research on the contributions of regional transport to PM pollution in four regions in China, i.e., the northern China, eastern China, southern China, and the western China, respectively. The major findings include (1) HYSPLIT is the most popular methods in studies in all regions and often is used in combination with the CA, PSCF, and CWT techniques to investigate the transport pathways and source origins; (2) during the relatively polluted period, transport contributes over 50% of the PM concentrations in Beijing, Shanghai, Hangzhou, Guangzhou, Hong Kong, and Chengdu. Regional transport is important for PM pollution in major cities of China; and (3) regional transport exhibits clear seasonal variations and long term trends. The findings have important implication for emission control programs in these regions.

Impacts of Regional Transport on Particulate Matter Pollution in China: a Review of Methods and Results

As the largest Chinese city by population and the largest city proper by population in the world, Shanghai has frequently suffered the heavy haze in recent years. In this study, the observational data (PM_(2.5), PM_(10), O_3, NO_2, CO and SO_2) at the ten urban monitoring stations in Shanghai from November 25 to December 9, 2013, were used to analyze the haze pollution. The source contributions of PM_(2.5) in Shanghai were identified by trajectory clustering and hybrid receptor models (potential source contribution function (PSCF) and concentration weighted trajectory (CWT)). The results showed that for the whole study period, the ranges of pollutant concentrations are 2.0-635.0 μg m(-3) (PM_(2.5)), 2.0-726.0 μg m(-3) (PM_(10)), 1.0-139.0 μg m^(-3) (O_3), 11.0-197.0 μg m^(-3) (SO_2), 7.0-221.0 μg m^(-3) (NO_2), and 0.3-8.5 mg m^(-3) (CO). It was found that PM_(2.5) contributed more than 80% of PM_(10) for the whole period except the relatively clean period in which only 45% of PM_(10) is PM_(2.5). The model analyses show that clean air masses reaching at Shanghai were from the far away regions like Mongolia and Inner Mongolia with the high mean wind speed (fast air masses). On the other hand, the heavy haze air masses were mainly from the nearby industrialized and urbanized provinces with industrial cities. It was found that the formation of the extremely heavy haze from December 5 to 7 in Shanghai was mainly because of the air pollution transported from the nearby provinces (i.e., Anhui, Jiangsu, Zhejiang) and central part provinces (such as Shandong, Hebei) of eastern China. The correlation analyses among PM_(2.5) and other pollutants show that the PM_(2.5) formation in Shanghai is affected by the sources similar to those of CO such as combustion, industry, mobile and oxidation of hydrocarbons. Finally, the controlling strategies are discussed on the basis of this result.

/pdf/a-heavy-haze-episode-in-shanghai-in-december-of-2013-1iclrlgabu.pdf

A Heavy Haze Episode in Shanghai in December of 2013: Characteristics, Origins and Implications

Pollutant transport has a significant impact on the air quality of Shanghai. To quantify this impact, we comprehensively analyze the characteristics and formation mechanisms of air pollution in Shanghai, using a data set covering five selected air quality monitoring sites and a meteorological site. We find air pollution events occur ∼10% of the year. These events are classified into three typical categories, namely the local pollution case (LP), the dust storm case (DS) and the regional transport case (RT), based on temporal variations and spatial distributions of PM10 and gaseous pollutants as well as meteorological factors and backward trajectories. The ratios of SO2/PM10, NO2/PM10 and PM2.5/PM10 are used as indicators of long-range transport of mineral dust, while CO proves to be a good tracer of regional transport of anthropogenic pollutants. In 2007, 64% of all pollution events were RT and the mean PM10 concentration reached 220 μg m-3. 17% of all pollution events were DS and the mean PM10 concentration reached 310 μg m-3. We estimate that transport contribution to PM10 abundance was within the range of 34% to 64% by comparing the anomaly of the background concentration with the urban concentration.

https://www.jstage.jst.go.jp/article/sola/7/0/7_0_85/_pdf

Impact of Pollutant Transport on the Air Quality of Shanghai in 2007

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Impact of Pollutant Transport on the Air Quality of Shanghai in 2007