Liquid infiltration is an efficient way to densify carbon nanotubes (CNTs) and was used to strengthen CNT fibres in the method of array spinning. Rather than the volatility, the dipole moment of solvent plays a more important role in determining the densification level. The fibres densified by highly polar but non-volatile solvents such as N , N -dimethylformamide, dimethyl sulphoxide, and N -methyl-2-pyrrolidone were 100–200 MPa stronger than those by ethanol and acetone. Ethylene glycol is the most efficient solvent due to its two polar OH groups and improved the fibre strength to 1.45 GPa. Long chain or cross-linked polymers like polyvinyl alcohol, polyimide, and bismaleimide (BMI) were introduced into CNT fibres by infiltration with aid of polar solvents. These polymers reinforced the fibres significantly, as they can connect non-neighboring CNTs and benefit the load transfer. The strongest CNT/BMI fibre was 2.38 GPa in strength and 110 GPa in modulus.

Enhancement of carbon nanotube ﬁbres using diﬀerent solvents and polymers

Flexible sensors based on assembled carbon nanotubes

Improving the sodium storage performance of carbonaceous anode: Synergistic coupling of pore structure and ordered domain engineering

Textiles with excellent electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding properties are highly desirable to prevent interference between electronic devices and ensure their stable service in this era of serious electromagnetic radiation. However, prevalent method to prepare EMI shielding textiles focused on decorating conductive nanomaterials onto insulative textile, limiting the performance of textiles. Here, we directly weave highly conductive graphene fiber (GF) tows to obtain a GF textile with high EMI shielding performance. The electrical conductivity of GFs is improved by the restored conjugate structure and optimized crystallinity through efficient thermal annealing. An X-band EMI shielding effectiveness (SE) for GF textile of more than 90 dB is achieved owing to the high electrical conductivity of 8.5 × 105 S m−1 of GF. Overlapping two layers of textile weaved by GF yields an SE of more than 120 dB. Moreover, the woven GF textiles exhibit excellent durability of bending and pressing. Combined with the outstanding EMI shielding performance, the GF textiles show great potential for applications in wearable devices, communication, defense, and the Internet of Things. 

Highly conductive graphene fiber textile for electromagnetic interference shielding

Fibers and textiles are attractive substrates for constructing wearables, the devices rely on conductive fibers with good stretchability to realize electrical conductivity and mechanical adaptivity. The exploitation of stretchable composite conductive fibers (SCCFs) requires diverse strategies in material options and process methods, tackling the challenge in balancing electrical and mechanical properties for ultrafine fiber, which highly determine the properties and applications. In this article, first the working mechanism and advantages of the SCCFs in wearables is introduced. Second, different conductive fillers as well as their respective incorporation strategies and performance superiorities in fabricating SCCFs are systematically summarized. Third, the integration routes of the conductive fillers in SCCFs are indicated and compared, presenting different fabrication strategies and mechanisms for improving the performance of SCCFs. Thereafter, the typical applications of SCCFs in energy management, sensing, actuators, heaters, and displays are highlighted. Accordingly, the main challenges of SCCFs for wearable applications are indicated, and the possible solutions for challenges tackling are proposed. This review prepared aims to highlight the importance of SCCFs in wearables, and provides insights in terms of mechanism, materials, fabrication, and performance improvement, paving a referable way to promote the innovative exploitation and development of SCCFs, extending the application scenarios.

Stretchable Composite Conductive Fibers for Wearables

Interfacial-bubbling-induced nondestructive expansion to reconstruct superstrong and multifunctional carbon nanotube fibers

Because the axial piston pump is often used in the aerospace and aviation fields, it is necessary to pay attention to its outlet pressure and flow characteristics. The parallel 2D piston pump proposed, based on the axial piston pump, has no structural flow ripple because it has a rail with a uniform acceleration and deceleration. Now, the pump is used in the special working conditions of the aerospace field, and it is required to meet the rated flow of 50 L/min, the rated load of 8 MPa, and an extremely low-pressure ripple. Based on CFD technology, this paper studies the pump’s outlet flow and pressure ripples through numerical simulation. According to the causes of the outlet pressure ripple, an improved geometry is determined to further reduce the outlet pressure ripple. Using a high-frequency pressure sensor to measure the outlet pressure ripple of the optimized pump prototype, it was found that the outlet pressure ripple rate of the prototype was only 6%. The parallel 2D piston pump has been proved by the simulation and test that its outlet pressure ripple is extremely low. However, it is not effective to reduce the outlet flow ripple by increasing the pre-pressure and reducing the backflow. In parallel 2D piston pumps, it is still necessary to find a new method to further reduce outlet pressure and flow ripples.

/pdf/numerical-study-on-improved-geometry-of-outlet-pressure-2a8qlryx.pdf

Numerical Study on Improved Geometry of Outlet Pressure Ripple in Parallel 2D Piston Pumps

In this study, the flexoelectric and piezoelectric distributed sensing signal of the toroidal shell is discussed. By considering the curvature radii and Lamé parameters of the toroidal shell, dynamic strains are derived based on the double-curvature shell. Flexoelectric and piezoelectric distributed sensing models of the toroidal shell are established. Based on the direct flexoelectric effect and direct piezoelectric effect, the flexoelectric/piezoelectric distributed sensing signal is evaluated respectively. The local neural sensing signal is discussed while the flexoelectric and piezoelectric sensor patches approach to infinitesimal. The neural sensing signal is made of different signal components, and the components effects are discussed to elaborate the difference between the flexoelectric and piezoelectric sensing signal. The results indicate that the membrane-induced signal components and bending-induced signal components both affect the piezoelectric sensing signal, while only the bending-induced signal components affect the flexoelectric sensing signal. To elaborate the significance of the components in different directions, signal induced by different strains in different directions are discussed. The signal induced by the meridional bending strain dominates for the flexoelectric sensing while signal induced by the meridional membrane strain is dominant for piezoelectric sensing.

Comparison of Flexoelectric and Piezoelectric Distributed Sensing Signal of Toroidal Shell

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Papers

Interfacial-bubbling-induced nondestructive expansion to reconstruct superstrong and multifunctional carbon nanotube fibers

Numerical Study on Improved Geometry of Outlet Pressure Ripple in Parallel 2D Piston Pumps

Comparison of Flexoelectric and Piezoelectric Distributed Sensing Signal of Toroidal Shell