Traditional treatments such as chemotherapy and surgery usually cause severe side effects and excruciating pain. The emergence of nanomedicines and minimally invasive therapies (MITs) has brought hope to patients with malignant diseases. Especially, minimally invasive nanomedicines (MINs), which combine the advantages of nanomedicines and MITs, can effectively target pathological cells/tissues/organs to improve the bioavailability of drugs, minimize side effects and achieve painless treatment with a small incision or no incision, thereby acquiring good therapeutic effects. In this review, we provide a comprehensive review of the research status and challenges of MINs, which generally refers to the medical applications of nanotechnology in photo-/ultrasound-/radiation-/magnetism-mediated therapy and imaging. Additionally, we also discuss their combined application in various fields including cancers, cardiovascular diseases, tissue engineering, neuro-functional diseases, and infectious diseases. The prospects, and potential bench-to-bedside translation of MINs are also presented in this review. We expect that this review can inspire the broad interest for a wide range of readers working in the fields of interdisciplinary subjects including (but not limited to) chemistry, nanomedicine, bioengineering, nanotechnology, materials science, pharmacology, and biomedicine.

Minimally invasive nanomedicine: nanotechnology in photo-/ultrasound-/radiation-/magnetism-mediated therapy and imaging.

Although photothermal therapy (PTT) with the assistance of nanotechnology has been considered as an indispensable strategy in the biomedical field, it still encounters some severe problems that need to be solved. Excessive heat can induce treated cells to develop thermal resistance, and thus, the efficacy of PTT may be dramatically decreased. In the meantime, the uncontrollable diffusion of heat can pose a threat to the surrounding healthy tissues. Recently, low-temperature PTT (also known as mild PTT or mild-temperature PTT) has demonstrated its remarkable capacity of conquering these obstacles and has shown excellent performance in bacterial elimination, wound healing, and cancer treatments. Herein, we summarize the recently proposed strategies for achieving low-temperature PTT based on nanomaterials and introduce the synthesis, characteristics, and applications of these nanoplatforms. Additionally, the combination of PTT and other therapeutic modalities for defeating cancers and the synergistic cancer therapeutic effect of the combined treatments are discussed. Finally, the current limitations and future directions are proposed for inspiring more researchers to make contributions to promoting low-temperature PTT toward more successful preclinical and clinical disease treatments.

/pdf/low-temperature-photothermal-therapy-strategies-and-2sk40va20z.pdf

Low-Temperature Photothermal Therapy: Strategies and Applications

Summary Recently, photoactivated sterilization, as a rapid, effective, and antibiotic-free antibacterial method, has attracted increasing attention from researchers. Many outstanding photoresponsive materials, including photocatalysts, photosensitizers (PSs), and photothermal materials, have been developed and applied to microbial inactivation and to treat infectious bacterial diseases. This mini-review aims to provide insights gathered from studying photoresponsive antibacterial materials and systems, including (1) reactive oxygen species (ROS)-based photodynamic therapy (PDT) and (2) hyperthermia-based photothermal therapy (PTT). In addition, potential application fields for these methods, the remaining challenges to using photoresponsive materials for microbial inactivation, perspectives for the future, and prospective research directions are discussed in depth.

Photoresponsive Materials for Antibacterial Applications

Phthalocyanines as contrast agents for photothermal therapy

Recent advances in the development of near-infrared organic photothermal agents

Gambogic acid augments black phosphorus quantum dots (BPQDs)-based synergistic chemo-photothermal therapy through downregulating heat shock protein expression

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Gambogic acid augments black phosphorus quantum dots (BPQDs)-based synergistic chemo-photothermal therapy through downregulating heat shock protein expression