Humans have always relied heavily on materials in their daily lives. Humans have always used conventional materials to meet their needs, but new materials have had to be developed to meet the demands of modern society. By including novel elements, it is possible to change the characteristics of traditional materials. As a result, reinforcement (some additional material like fiber, nanoparticles, metal, etc.) is blended with conventional materials to increase their varied qualities. This review paper examines the impact of reinforcements on various polymer composite characterizations. Control variables for various wear analyses of polymer composites are also included. It was seen that fillers played a significant role in enhancing the mechanical, tribological, and erosive properties of polymer composites. 

The role of fillers to enhance the mechanical, thermal, and wear characteristics of polymer composite materials: A review

Review on natural plant fibres and their hybrid composites for structural applications: Recent trends and future perspectives

The mechanical properties of carbon fiber-reinforced epoxy composites were identified by adding carbon-based nano-reinforcements, such as multi-wall carbon nanotubes (CNTs) and graphene platelets (GP), into the epoxy matrix by conducting suitable experiments. The main focus of this study is to compare the tensile modulus, tensile strength, flexural modulus, flexural strength, and thermal conductivity of carbon fiber-reinforced epoxy composites with nanoparticle reinforcement. The results revealed that adding CNTs and GP nanoparticles improved the mechanical properties compared to a pure carbon fiber-reinforced plastic composite. However, compared to CNTs, the GP’s addition has increased the mechanical properties of the CFRP composite. In addition, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images were presented to explore the microstructural characterization of carbon fiber-reinforced nanoparticle-reinforced composites. Further, using numerical studies, the transverse modulus, major and minor Poisson’s ratio of the carbon fibre reinforced with CNT and GP particle reinforcement were estimated. The current study is applied to the efficient design of nanoparticle reinforced carbon fibre reinforced composites.

/pdf/mechanical-properties-of-carbon-fiber-reinforced-with-carbon-39z5y6mz.pdf

Mechanical properties of carbon fiber reinforced with carbon nanotubes and graphene filled epoxy composites: experimental and numerical investigations

This article provides an overview of key findings and recommendations for future research on the durability and performance of fiber-based materials, polymer (FRP) composites. The studies reviewed in this article focusing on the effects of humidity, humidity, and other conditions on the physical and mechanical properties of FRP composites. The results of the study show that moisture and humidity have a significant effect on the properties of FRP composites, resulting in a decrease in strength and interlayer shear strength. Also, the presence of moisture on FRP/steel joints can affect joint performance. The durability of FRP composites is influenced by factors like moisture absorption, chemical reactions, and microstructural changes, leading to a decline in mechanical strength over time. Moisture and humidity significantly impact FRP composite properties, causing reduced strength and interlayer shear strength. For FRP/steel joints, moisture can initially strengthen the bond but may result in long-term strength reduction. A predictive model has been developed to estimate long-term mechanical properties. Further research is needed for fire resistance in FRP reinforcement, and understanding cutting response and tool wear is crucial for optimal FRP composite design. Surface modifications, like albumin multilayer coating, enhance gold nanoparticle recognition by tumor cells, improving therapy. 

Durability and long-term performance of fiber reinforced polymer (FRP) composites: A review

The ability to manipulate concrete-based and composite materials at the nanoscale represents an innovative approach to improving their mechanical properties and designing high-performance building structures. In this context, a numerical investigation of the reinforcing effect of nano-modified epoxy resin on the structural response of fiber-reinforced polymer (FRP)-plated reinforced concrete (RC) components has been proposed. In detail, an integrated model, based on a cohesive crack approach, is employed in combination with a bond–slip model to perform a failure analysis of strengthened structures. In particular, the proposed model consists of cohesive elements located on the physical interface between concrete and FRP systems equipped with an appropriate bond–slip law able to describe the reinforcing effect induced by the incorporation of nanomaterials in the bonding epoxy resin. Preliminary analyses, performed on reinforced concrete prisms, highlight an increment of 28% in the bond strength between concrete and the FRP system, offered by the nanomaterials embedded in the adhesive layer with respect to the standard one. Moreover, the numerically predicted structural response of a nano-modified FRP-plated beam shows an increment of around 5.5% in the failure load and a reduction in the slip between concrete and the FRP plate of around 76%, with respect to the reinforced beam without nanomaterial incorporation. Finally, the good agreement with experimental results, taken from the literature, highlights the excellent capability of the proposed model to simulate the mechanical behavior of such types of reinforced structures, emphasizing the beneficial effects of the nano-enhanced epoxy resin on the bond strength between concrete and FRP systems. 

/pdf/the-reinforcing-effect-of-nano-modified-epoxy-resin-on-the-mi4vhroo.pdf

The Reinforcing Effect of Nano-Modified Epoxy Resin on the Failure Behavior of FRP-Plated RC Structures

This review summarizes the recent advancements in the mechanical properties of fiber-reinforced polymer (FRP) composites reinforced with graphene and carbon nanotubes (CNTs). Different synthesis methods for incorporating graphene and CNTs into the FRP structure are reviewed and discussed. The enhancement of graphene and CNTs on the improvement of the interfacial shear strength (IFSS), interlaminar shear strength (ILSS), interlaminar fracture toughness (ILFT), tensile strength, tensile modulus, flexural strength, flexural modulus, impact resistance and fatigue characteristics of FRP composites is emphatically reviewed, especially the discussion of various performance related reinforcement mechanisms. These enhancement mechanisms are a complex project, in which the key is the interface problem between fiber and matrix caused by graphene and CNTs. This review provides an in-depth review of the improvement of each mechanical property due to the modification of interfacial properties between fibers and a nanofiller-reinforced matrix. In the selected representative papers, the addition process and strengthening mechanism of CNTs and graphene are reviewed in detail, and four enhancement mechanisms and synergistic effects are analyzed, including wettability, mechanical interlocking, chemical bonding and transition layer. Aiming at the improvement of ILFT of composite laminates, various nano strengthening strategies caused by graphene and CNTs and the toughening principle to prevent delamination failure are discussed in detail. The modeling and analysis tools for mechanical properties of graphene and carbon nanotube reinforced composites, including molecular dynamics method, finite element method and multi-scale modeling method, are reviewed. Finally, some problems in the enhancement mechanism of graphene and carbon nanotubes are discussed. 

Research progress on enhancement mechanism and mechanical properties of FRP composites reinforced with graphene and carbon nanotubes

Abstract Work rolls used for hot strip rolling undergo the cyclic sequence of heating-cooling over the roll surface due to contact with the hot strip and the following cooling systems during every rolling revolution. Severe temperature gradient and thermal stress caused by cyclic heating-cooling loading are dominant factors for thermal fatigue failure of work rolls. Therefore, investigations on temperature and thermal stress-strain are essential for understanding the thermal fatigue of work roll. In this study, a thermo-mechanical analysis with elastic-plastic material parameters via a simplified finite element model is carried out to compute the stress-strain range experienced by the work roll during rolling and idling. Then, a model with the initial crack in the roll surface considering different depths and a model with the hot strip is conducted to better understand the thermal behaviors of the work roll during hot rolling respectively. Furthermore, the thermal fatigue life of work roll is assessed based on the modified Coffin-Manson relation, considering the effect of multi-axial stress state and temperature-dependent material properties caused by temperature fluctuations in work roll during hot rolling.

FEM simulation of thermo-mechanical stress and thermal fatigue life assessment of high-speed steel work rolls during hot strip rolling process

Microstructure, tensile properties of SLMed TNT5Zr-0.2O alloys without/with keyholes produced by different Post-processing treatments

Material properties, calculation models and parameters are the main factors affect the simulation results of concrete face rockfill dams. According to the Baixi project, a 3D numerical model was built including the concrete face, filled rock, rock foundation and peripheral joint. Then, based on the deformation monitoring data during the construction and water storage period, the Duncan E-B model parameters were back analyzed. Finally, the sedimentation of dams, stress and strain of concrete face was simulated, and the actual working performance of concrete face and filled rock was studied.

Back Analysis on Deformation of Concrete Faced Rockfill Dam Based on Prototype Monitoring

Based on cubic NURBS curve, the optimization design of the variable stiffness laminates with a hole are carried out. Firstly, the reference trajectory of the fiber prepared by variable angle placement is defined by cubic NURBS curve, and the parameterized expression of variable-angle fiber placement is derived. Secondly, the linear buckling analyses of all constant stiffness laminates with a hole are carried out to obtain the constant stiffness laminates with the maximum first-order buckling load, the ± 45° placement of the constant stiffness laminates with a hole is replaced by the variable-angle fiber placements. The linear buckling analysis of the variable stiffness laminates with a hole is carried out. Then, the radial basis function is used to build an optimization model to optimize the variable stiffness laminates with a hole. Finally, under the constraints of curvature radius, MATLAB is used to conduct the optimization of variable stiffness laminates with a hole, and the optimal results under different curvature constraints are obtained. The results show that the buckling load coefficient of [±<10(0.1)(0.6)(0.6)53 > ]2sH laminates is 32.93% higher than that of [45/−45]2sH laminates. Using cubic NURBS curve to design laminates with a hole can avoid stress concentration and improve the buckling property of laminates with a hole. 

Optimization analysis of NURBS curved variable stiffness laminates with a hole

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