Fluoride is a common element found in many minerals and rocks, and its widespread distribution and high concentration in groundwater have raised serious concerns. Adsorption is one of the most efficient approaches that have been suggested for removing it from aquatic environments. Iron-based materials, such as nanoscale zerovalent iron (nZVI), modified nZVI, spinel ferrites, Fe-based metal–organic frameworks, and their composites, have recently gained a lot of attention because of their even greater fluoride removal efficiencies from an aqueous solution compared to those from other adsorbents. The most popular iron-based substances used in fluoride elimination are described in this chapter. Their methods of preparation and characterization were categorised and presented in groups. The authors also explained how these materials could be used to effectively remove fluoride from water. For a comprehensive understanding of the fluoride removal mechanisms of fluoride, commonly used adsorption isotherms, kinetic models, and thermodynamic analysis are completely described. Subsequently, research on regeneration and recycling was addressing these issues. According to the results, fluoride may be effectively removed from water using materials with an iron base. However, several current obstacles need to be addressed further to enable their actual application in fluoride removal. 

Fluoride Removal from Aqueous Solution Using Iron-Based Materials: Preparation, Characterization, and Applications

/pdf/geotechnical-profiling-of-a-surface-mine-waste-dump-using-2d-54bj3si1wk.pdf

Geotechnical profiling of a surface mine waste dump using 2D Wenner-Schlumberger configuration

Living beings are affected by fluoride (present in soil, water, and air). In the halogen family, fluorine is a naturally abundant element. It has no biological purpose and is exceedingly harmful to humans, animals, and the environment when it is present in large amounts. Fluorine is an extremely reactive element that does not exist in nature in its pure form. It is found as fluoride ion (F−), which makes up approximately 0.3 g/kg of the Earth’s crust. Its pollution has a significant negative impact on 200 million people in 29 nations, including India. It is released into the soil naturally by the breakdown of minerals such as apatite, fluorspar, topaz, and mica. It is transferred to crops, vegetables, and fruits during irrigation using fluoride-contaminated water. This bioaccumulation increases the risk to the population already affected by fluoride poisoning since it adds more fluoride to the food chain in addition to the route through drinking water. Emphasis must be placed on educating people about fluorosis and limiting their use of fluoride-contaminated irrigation water. High levels of F− may have a negative impact on human health over time by reducing thyroid function, allowing kidney stones to form, causing bone fractures, skeletal fluorosis, dental fluorosis, and impairment of IQ, especially in young children. In this chapter, we focus on the effects of F− in the living beings through the water. 

Effect of Fluoride-Contaminated Water on the Living Being and Their Surroundings

Future Directions and Innovations in Computational Water Management

An Investigation of Coastal Water Quality and SEMBV Disease in Penaeus monodon in Coastal Southern India

Study on assessment of slope stability and mixed disposal of overburden in voids of Singrauli Coalfield

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Study on assessment of slope stability and mixed disposal of overburden in voids of Singrauli Coalfield