
 
 Climate change and human interventions over the past few decades have significantly affected the groundwater resources in Ladakh Himalaya. Sparse or lack of suitable data and knowledge gaps are a major challenge in evaluating these impacts. Here, we synthesize the available data to assess the status of groundwater quantity, quality, withdrawal, and contamination in the Leh district of India. The study shows that glacier area has decreased by 40% whereas its volume has reduced by 25% since the Little Ice Age (∼1650 AD). The glacier melt, which influences the recharge, has reduced significantly. The growth of population by 15% per year, expansion of build-up area by 50%, and changes in the socio-ecology have further stressed the groundwater. The bore wells and groundwater draft have increased at ∼115 wells/year and ∼7 MCM/year, respectively. The increase of groundwater development by ∼26 times has reduced the reserves. Hence, for the sustainability of the resource, modeling and managing the impacts is imperatively required. In this direction, this paper provides guidelines for researchers, policymakers, and water users to develop an integrative consortium management strategy for the sustainable utilization of the groundwater.

Groundwater scenario under climate change and anthropogenic stress in Ladakh Himalaya, India

Variability, Trends and Return Periods of Extreme Rainfall Events (EREs) over the North-Western Indian Himalayan Region (NW-IHR)

Understanding Photosynthetic Characteristics of Himalayan Forests Through a Remote Sensing Lens

Cold waves, cold nights and warm nights are major threats to human beings during winter due to climate change in different parts of India. The analysis of these has been studied for four major metropolitan cities (Chennai, Mumbai, Kolkata, and Delhi) of India during the period 1985–2020. The authors have used the 90th and 10th percentile threshold to identify the cold nights, warm nights and cold waves during the winter season. The degree of discomfort and cold stress category are identified using the Humidity Index (HD), and the Universal Thermal Climate Index (UTCI). The results indicate that the cold night event in Mumbai is ~0.36% higher than both Kolkata and Chennai cities but it is ~0.42% higher than Delhi. The number of cold wave events in Delhi is 53.5% higher than in Kolkata during the period of the study. It is also observed from the study of UTCI that the possibility of slight cold stress in the Delhi region during cold nights is 59.36% more than in other metropolitan cities. The study indicates that in the winter season, the climate of Delhi is more dynamic but for Kolkata it is relatively less dynamic.

Study of Cold Wave and Cold Stress in the Four Metropolitan Cities of India for the Period 1985–2020

Linking Climate Change, Hydrological Loading, and Seismic Activity in the Himalayas

Anomalous rainfall trends in the North-Western Indian Himalayan Region (NW-IHR)

Role of Intelligent IOT Applications in Fog paradigm: Issues, Challenges and Future Opportunities

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Anomalous rainfall trends in the North-Western Indian Himalayan Region (NW-IHR)

Role of Intelligent IOT Applications in Fog paradigm: Issues, Challenges and Future Opportunities