Cervical cancer is one of the leading cancers in women worldwide especially in developing countries. Various etiological factors are described, of which Human papiloma virus (HPV) is proved by various molecular epidemiological studies to play a major role. However many co-factors are required and thought to facilitate the action of HPV in cervical carcinogenesis. Here the role of various viruses in cervical cancer and its implication in screening and diagnosis of cervical cancer is highlighted. In-depth knowledge of role of different viruses helps in better screening methods and probably in target therapy / development of an appropriate vaccine.

/pdf/virus-and-cervical-cancer-role-and-implication-a-review-23ywt8de07.pdf

Virus and Cervical Cancer: Role and implication: A Review

Breast cancer is now the commonest cancer in most sub-Saharan African countries. Few studies of the epidemiology and genomics of breast cancer and its molecular subtypes in these countries have been done. The African Female Breast Cancer Epidemiology (AFBRECANE) study, a part of the Human Heredity and Health in Africa (H3Africa) initiative, is designed to study the genomics and epidemiology of breast cancer and its molecular subtypes in Nigerian women. We link recruitment of breast cancer cases at study sites with population-based cancer registries activities to enable ascertainment of the incidence of breast cancer and its molecular subtypes. We use centralized laboratory processing to characterize the histopathological and molecular diagnosis of breast cancer and its subtypes using multiple technologies. By combining genome-wide association study (GWAS) data from this study with that generated from 12,000 women participating in our prospective cohort study of cervical cancer, we conduct GWAS of breast cancer in an entirely indigenous African population. We test associations between dietary intakes and breast cancer and focus on vitamin D which we measure using dietary intakes, serum vitamin D, and Mendelian randomization. This paper describes the AFBRECANE project, its design, objectives and anticipated contributions to knowledge and understanding of breast cancer.

pdf/the-african-female-breast-cancer-epidemiology-study-protocol-ct7lthy4q0.pdf

The African Female Breast Cancer Epidemiology Study Protocol

Context: The public health importance of cancers in Nigeria is emerging. Robust cancer control policies are needed at all levels of government, especially the state.Objective: To review cancer control policies in Nigeria, especially regarding breast and cervical cancers, with emphasis on policy development process, scope and policy implementation. Also to compare Nigerian cancer control policy with selected African countries and suggest ways through which Nigerian states, such as Abia, can develop evidence-informed, patient-centered cancer control policy.Methods: A structured literature search was done using relevant subject headings and keywords. Boolean operators 'and'/'or' were used to refine the search. Databases searched were Pubmed/Medline, Embase, PsychInfo, Cinahl, Global Health and ERIC. The search included articles published between 2008 and 2018. Data was also collected from the International Cancer Control Plan portal as well as focused Google search.Results: Of the 194 abstracts retrieved, only 29 were included in this review. The 2018 Nigerian National Cancer Control plan (NCCP) showed significant improvement over the 2008 version, in terms of scope and policy development process. Literature search did not reveal any state-level comprehensive cancer control policy. The Nigerian policy lacked specific guidelines for breast cancer compared with the Ghanaian policy. Ghana allocated 12% of total budget to cancer research compared to 0.4% in Nigeria. The South African Breast Cancer policy was developed using more findings from local research and had the most encompassing, multiple perspectives approach.Conclusion: Review shows the content, process, pearls and pitfalls of cancer control policy from Nigeria and five other African countries. Findings will inform the strategy for developing cancer control framework states in Nigeria and other countries. As more Nigerian states work towards developing state cancer control plans, it is important to address the shortfalls identified in the current NCCP, especially regarding the use of multiple perspectives analysis.

pdf/review-of-cancer-control-policy-in-nigeria-and-comparison-44ixc4olcp.pdf

Review of cancer control policy in Nigeria and comparison with selected African countries: Implications for future policy making

Results The commonest cancer at all sites is Prostate in men and Breast in women. There was a gradient in the incidence that paralleled the socio-economic development of the regions of the country. The ASR for breast cancer ranged from 101.1 in Abuja to 7.5 in less cosmopolitan areas. For Prostate the ASR ranged from 73 in Abuja to 1.7. The other common cancers were Kaposi Sarcoma and Colo-Rectal in men, and cervix in women. Additional data collection and analysis is ongoing.

https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1186%2F1750-9378-7-S1-P3.pdf

Creating a nationwide cancer registration system to support AIDS-cancer match studies in Nigeria

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Creating a nationwide cancer registration system to support AIDS-cancer match studies in Nigeria