Obianuju Ozioma Ezeorji1*, Arinze Jude Chinweuba1, Chinedu Chibuzor Onuorah2 and Innocent Nwazulu Okwunodolu2 1Department of Pure and Industrial Chemistry, Chukwuemeka Odumegwu Ojukwu University Uli, Anambra State, Nigeria 2Department of Food Science and Technology, Micheal Okpara University of Agriculture, Umudike Abia State, Nigeria *Corresponding Author: Obianuju Ozioma Ezeorji, Department of Pure and Industrial Chemistry, Chukwuemeka Odumegwu Ojukwu University Uli, Anambra State, Nigeria. Research Article

Utilization of Organic Wastes in the Production of Biofertilizer (by Vermicompost using Eisenia fetida Earthworm) with Analysis of their Micro and Macro Mineral Nutrient and their Effects on Growth Rate of Fruited Pumpkin (Telfairia occidentalis) and Spinach (Spinacia oleracea)

/pdf/a-pilot-scale-process-for-the-production-of-high-shelf-life-2m105kwr6t.pdf

A Pilot Scale Process for the Production of High Shelf Life Multi-Functional Liquid Biofertilizers

Concerns about first generation bioethanol's impact on the food chain and biodiversity have shifted research to second generation (2G) bioethanol technologies. The 2G-bioethanol is made from lignocellulosic biomass, which is more sustainable and does not harm food security or the environment. This production process uses non-food crops, food crop residues, wood or food wastes, such as wood chips, skins, or pulp from fruit pressing. The present study examines the bioethanol production potential of three lignocellulosic biomass residues: corn cob, corn husk, and corn stem, as well as their physiochemical and mineral composition before and after fermentation. Before fermentation, the corn waste samples were hydrolyzed into sugar monomer and the hydrolysate was fermented separately to produce bioethanol for five days at 282oC using two Saccharomyces cerevisiae strains: typed yeast ATCC 3585 and Baker's yeast ATCC 204508/S288c. At one-day intervals, the pH, simple sugar and ethanol production were measured. ANOVA was used to find significant differences between the investigated organisms. The results showed that Saccharomyces cerevisiae ATCC 35858 produces more ethanol than the other strain (20.25±0.63). Corn cob also produced more ethanol than stem and husk. During fermentation, the typed yeasts outperformed the Baker's yeast in pH, reducing sugar, and specific gravity. Average dry yeast cell mass (ADM) of Saccharomyces cerevisiae ATCC 35858 and Saccharomyces cerevisiae ATCC 204508/S288c were 1.82±0.07 and 1.98±0.03, respectively. According to proximate composition, fermentation lost over 50% of the corn waste's nutrients (ash), while recovering over 50% of the minerals (nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium). The ability of the two Saccharomyces cerevisiae strains to produce bioethanol was not significantly different at p value ≤ 0.05.

The Production of Second-generation Bioethanol from Lignocellulosic Biomass using Two Strains of Sacharomyces cerevisiae

The continuous use of chemical fertilizer affects the environment and soil fertility. Bio-fertilizer helps in safeguarding soil fertility and reduce environmental pollution. This research focuses on the optimization of production of bio-fertilizer from watermelon peels. Central Composite Design (CCD) under the Response Surface Methodology (RSM) of the Design Expert software version 6.0 was used to optimize the retention days and water ratio, (factors), while Nitrogen(N), Phosphorous (P) and potassium (K) were the responses. Watermelon peel was blended and fermented for different days based on the experimental design obtained. The optimum values obtained after optimization for retention days and water ratio are 20 days and 400 ml respectively, while N. P and K contents are 26.2824, 94.5099 and 0.0005, respectively. The use of Bio-fertilizer will be more economical and safer for farming activities.

https://chemrxiv.org/engage/api-gateway/chemrxiv/assets/orp/resource/item/61fec74fc86ae21794179554/original/optimization-of-bio-fertilizer-production-from-watermelon-peels-using-response-surface-methodology.pdf

Optimization of Bio-fertilizer Production From Watermelon Peels Using Response Surface Methodology.

Organic farming innovations: Cultivation of wheatgrass microgreens in soil enriched with fruit peels and antimicrobial assessment

Biofertilizers are eco-friendly and cheap solution for the development of sustainable agriculture. Biofertilizers can also help small and marginal farmers to attain ultimate goal of increasing their crop productivity. The bacterial inoculation of vegetable and agricultural waste can be considered as organic compost containing phosphorus sources suitable to spinach plant growth. In order to prepare biofertilizer, thermo-tolerant phosphate-solubilizing bacteria Bacillus megaterium were collected. The strain possessed amylase, CMCase, and lipase activities and could solubilize calcium phosphate. During composting, biofertilizers inoculated with the tested bacterium namely Bacillus megatarium had a significantly higher temperature, pH, soluble phosphorus content, and germination rate than noninoculated biofertilizer. Adding these bacteria can shorten the period of maturity, improve the quality and increase the soluble phosphorus content. Therefore inoculating thermo-tolerant phosphate-solubilizing bacteria into agricultural and vegetable wastes represent a practical strategy for preparing multi-functional biofertilizer.

Production of Biofertilizer from Agro- waste by using Thermotolerant Phosphate Solubilising Bacteria

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Production of Biofertilizer from Agro- waste by using Thermotolerant Phosphate Solubilising Bacteria