Deterioration of groundwater quality due to anthropogenic activities is increasing at an alarming rate in most parts of the Punjab, but limited work has been carried out on groundwater quality and monitoring. This paper highlights the groundwater quality and compares its suitability for drinking and irrigation purpose in Malwa region, a southwestern part of Punjab. The Malwa region makes up the most cultivated area of Punjab with high consumption of pesticides and fertilizers. Twenty-four water samples representing groundwater sources were collected and analyzed for almost all major cations, anions and other physicochemical parameters. Analytical results of physicochemical analysis showed majority of the samples above the permissible limits of the Indian standards. The groundwater of the study area was very hard and the relative abundance of major cations and anions was Na+ > Ca2+ > Mg2+ > K+ and HCO3
 − > SO4
 2− > Cl−. Fluoride content was higher than permissible limit in 75 % of the samples. The mean concentration of arsenic in groundwater was 9.37 and 11.01µg/L during summer and winter season, respectively. The parameters like sodium adsorption ratio and sodium percentage (Na%) revealed good quality of groundwater for irrigation purposes, whereas magnesium ratio and corrosivity ratio values showed that water is not suitable for agriculture and domestic use. The dominant hydrochemical facies of groundwater was Ca–Mg–HCO3 and Ca–Mg–SO4–Cl. Chloro alkaline indices 1 and 2 indicated that reverse ion exchange is dominant in the region. The samples fall in rock dominance and evaporation dominance fields as indicated by Gibbs diagram. The saturation index shows that all the water samples were supersaturated with respect to carbonate minerals. This work thus concludes that groundwater in the study area is chemically unsuitable for domestic and agricultural uses. It is recommended to carry out a continuous water quality monitoring program and development of effective management practices for utilization of water resources.

/pdf/assessment-of-groundwater-quality-for-drinking-and-3boxiup1rn.pdf

Assessment of groundwater quality for drinking and irrigation purposes using hydrochemical studies in Malwa region, southwestern part of Punjab, India

Groundwater fluoride concentration and fluoride-related health problems were studied in twenty-two villages of Indi taluk of Vijayapura district, Karnataka, India. Present study (2015) was also used to compare groundwater fluoride concentration in same 22 villages with previous government report (2000). Groundwater fluoride concentrations of 62 bore wells of 22 villages were analyzed by using an ion-sensitive electrode. A total of 660 adults and 600 children were screened for fluorosis symptoms and signs. Sixty clinically suspected fluorosis patients' urine samples were further analyzed for fluoride. The mean value (1.22 ± 0.75 mg/L) of fluoride concentration of 62 bore wells and 54.83 % bore wells with ≥1.0 mg/L of fluoride concentrations in Indi taluk indicates higher than the permissible limit of drinking water fluoride concentration recommended for India. Clinical symptoms like arthritis, joint pains, gastrointestinal discomfort and lower limb deformities with high urinary fluoride concentrations in some subjects suggest fluorosis. Results also showed an increase in groundwater fluoride concentration of the same 22 villages between previous and present study. Preliminary arthritis symptom of the villagers could be due to drinking fluoride-contaminated water. Increase in fluoride concentration with time to the bore wells definitely indicates future danger.

Groundwater fluoride contamination and its possible health implications in Indi taluk of Vijayapura District (Karnataka State), India

Spices Of Life

The textile hub of Coimbatore city is facing a serious water pollution problem, both for surface water and groundwater. Industrial and domestic waste is continuously discharged into surface water bodies, resulting in the degradation of groundwater quality. In order to assess the quality of groundwater, the Singanallur area was selected for the present study. The quality of groundwater is worse in this area and the physicochemical parameters exceed the permissible limits of the Indian drinking water standards. The water type of the study area was predominantly NaCl and MgCl. A statistical analysis was carried out to understand the linear relation between the best correlated parameters. The relationship for different parameters for the study area was analysed for two seasons, pre-monsoon and post-monsoon, because the water quality varies widely seasonally. The study showed that there is a good and equal correlation between total hardness and calcium, total hardness and magnesium, and calcium and magnesium in both time periods. The relationship can be utilized to determine the value of calcium and magnesium when the value of total hardness is known for the study area. Cluster analysis was performed to obtain a dendrogram for the study area, from which the source of pollution was identified for different regions.

A correlation-regression model for the physicochemical parameters of the groundwater in Coimbatore city, India.

Water is the most important component for human survival and often the most misused one. The present study deals with the assessment of groundwater quality of Tosham block, Bhiwani District, Haryana, India, and its nearby villages. A total of 23 samples were collected from different groundwater sources and were analysed for 16 different physico-chemical parameters. Correlation coefficients were calculated to identify highly correlated and interrelated water quality parameters. It provides an excellent tool for the prediction of parameter values within the reasonable rank of exactness. A strong correlation was observed between total hardness, magnesium and total dissolved solids, especially between total dissolved solids and electrical conductivity. The obtained results were compared with Indian Standard Drinking water specifications IS: 10500-2012. Concentration of total hardness, iron and chloride was found above the permissible limit in all the samples. Multivariate statistical techniques, namely cluster analysis and principal component analysis, were used to find the relationship between studied parameters. Water quality index (WQI) was also calculated. The WQI of groundwater samples ranged from 125 to 556. The water quality index revealed that out of 23 samples, 13 were found to have poor water quality and 6 samples were of very poor water quality. High value of WQI was found mainly from total dissolved solids, electrical conductivity, total hardness, Mg, Cl and Fe. Groundwater analysis of the studied water samples indicated that there is a need to treat the water before its use for drinking and other domestic activities. Necessary precautions should be taken to prevent the groundwater from being contaminated.

Determining groundwater quality using indices and multivariate statistical techniques: a study of Tosham block, Haryana, India

We present an extensive investigation of physico-chemical parameters of water samples of Julana and Safidon blocks of District Jind, Haryana, India. Water samples were collected from different localities in cleaned polythene bottles and were analyzed for the different physico-chemical parameters like pH, electrical conductivity, total dissolved solids (TDS), total hardness (TH), calcium, magnesium, total alkalinity (TA), carbonate, bicarbonate, sodium, potassium, chloride, sulphate and fluoride. The analyzed parameters were compared with the standard desirable limits prescribed by World Health Organization (WHO), Bureau of Indian Standard (BIS) and Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR) standards of drinking water quality parameters. For the identification of the highly correlated and interrelated water quality parameters, the correlation coefficients were calculated between different parameters and the t-test was applied for checking significance. The results showed significant variations in water quality parameters in the study areas.

/pdf/groundwater-quality-analysis-of-safidon-and-julana-blocks-of-2f7ikix37r.pdf

Groundwater Quality Analysis of Safidon and Julana Blocks of District Jind, Haryana, India

Characterization of the physiochemical parameters of groundwater from fifteen different locations in Ambala, Haryana (India) was carried out. To assess the quality of ground water each parameter was compared with the standard desirable limits prescribed by World health organization (WHO), Bureau of Indian Standard (BIS) and Indian council of medical research (ICMR). Systematic calculation was made to determine the correlation coefficient 'r' amongst the parameters. Significant value of the observed correlation coefficients between the parameters was also worked out. Elemental analysis of three samples was carried out using the EDXRF technique. It is concluded that the water quality of water supply systems in different locations of Ambala is of medium quality and can be used for domestic use after suitable treatment. Suitable suggestions were made to improve the quality of water. (Researcher. 2010;2(1):68-75) (ISSN:1553-9865)

Physio-Chemical & EDXRF Analysis of Groundwater of Ambala, Haryana, India

The present experiment was carried out to access the relationship between population fluctuation of natural enemies and abiotic factors in okra agro-ecosystem at the Research Farm, Tirhut College of Agriculture, Dholi, Muzaffarpur (Bihar). From pooled data of two consecutive Kharif seasons i.e. 2018 and 2019 it was inferred that the highest coccinellids population was registered during 35 standard week (4.56 coccinellids/ 5 plant). Thereafter, the population gradually decreases and reached to 1.19 coccinellids/ 5 plant during 41 standard week i.e. end of the crop. Correlation studies of coccinellids population with abiotic factors indicated that the maximum temperature had positive and highly significant effect on coccinellids. While, minimum temperature and relative humidity at 7 hrs showed positive but non-significant effect on coccinellids. The relative humidity at 14 hrs and rainfall had negative and non-significant correlation with coccinellids population. All the weather parameters together governed 49.90 per cent to the coccinellids population build up (R = 0.4990). In case of spider, incidence commenced in 27 th standard week however, the maximum population (3.94 spiders/ 5 plant) was observed in 35 th standard week. Correlation analysis of spider population with abiotic factors exhibited that the maximum temperature had highly significant and Original Research Article Kumar and Singh; CJAST, 40(8): 61-69, 2021; Article no.CJAST.57978 62 positive effect on spider population. Unlike it, minimum temperature and relative humidity at 7 hrs indicated positive and non-significant effect on spider population. However, the effect of relative humidity at 14 hrs and rainfall on spider population was found negative and non-significant. However, all the prevailing weather parameters together contributed 48.23 per cent towards spider incidence (R 2 = 0.4823).

/pdf/population-dynamics-of-natural-enemies-in-okra-agro-utus1dluox.pdf

Population Dynamics of Natural Enemies in Okra Agro-ecosystem in Relation to Abiotic Factors

Seventeen land races of Nigella along with one released variety (Rajendra Shyama) as a check; collected at farmer’s field from different parts of Bihar were evaluated in Randomized Block Design with three replications at Seed production Farm, TCA, Dholi, Bihar during Rabi 2015-16 to identify  diverse Nigella genotypes. Principle component analysis (PCA) showed that first three PCs had >1.00 Eigen value and accounted to 84.71% of total variation. Rotated component matrix for various traits revealed that PC1 was strongly associated with secondary branches/plant followed by yield/plant, length of fruit, fruit per plant, primary branches/plant, height of the plant, days to 50% flowering and grains/plant. The traits that mostly contributed to PC2 were grains/plant followed by height of the plant and width of fruit whereas, days to maturity followed by width of fruit, height of the plant, days to 50% flowering and length of fruit contributed mostly to the PC3.  The characters that contributed most to the PC4 were height of the plant, fruit/plant and length of fruit. Therefore, intensive selection procedures can be adopted to bring about rapid improvement of above mentioned traits. The k-mean of different clusters indicated that genotype falling in cluster III possess high values for all the traits under study indicating their potentiality as a parent in hybridization programmes for further improvement of Nigella. Highest inter-cluster distance was noted between cluster III and V indicating the genetic diversity among genotypes of these two clusters. Therefore, genotypes from these two clusters are recommended to use in hybridization programmes for further improvement.

/pdf/assessment-of-genetic-diversity-in-nigella-nigella-sativa-l-n5439eueso.pdf

Assessment of Genetic Diversity in Nigella (Nigella sativa L.) Collections Using Principle Component Analysis

Handle everyday research tasks with reliable, citation-backed results

Your personal Research Agent to handle research tasks with citation-backed results

Popular Tasks used by Researchers

How can I help with your research?

Meet SciSpace

Get more enhanced response by uploading the PDFs you want me to reference.

No relevant PDFs in your library

SciSpace is the AI research assistant for academics. Run systematic literature reviews on 280M+ papers, and write papers with cited sources. Trusted by 1M+ students, PhDs & researchers.

SciSpace | AI for Research

Analyze PDFs

Code & Manuscripts

Funding & Grants

Literature & Patents

Medical & Clinical Data

Systematic Review

Visualize & Present

Web & Data

Build a Google Scholar-like website for your research.

Build a website

Create charts and images for your research

Create a Chart

Write a paper for submission to a journal

Draft a manuscript

Patent Search

Design eye-catching scientific posters in minutes.

Scientific Poster Generation

Systematic Literature Review

One task is running at the moment. Your messages will be shown right after.

Drag and drop or click here to browse

Loved by <highlight>1 million+</highlight> researchers

Extract a list of specific topics and their sources from unstructured text

Topics

Compare and analyze relevant papers that matches with your search

Papers

Get insights from PDFs and bookmarked papers from your library

My library

Recent searches

Try searching for:

Catch AI-generated content in scholarly and non-scholarly content

{ai} Detector

Ai Writer

Get PDF Summaries, highlighted text explanations 

Chat with PDF

Effortlessly create in-text citations and bibliographies in APA and 2,500 other formats

Citation generator

Get explanations, summaries, and answers on academic papers

Ease up your research workflow with {scispace}'s cohort of exciting AI tools

Elevate your academic writing skills and convey your ideas the way you want

Paraphraser

Explore our range of reading and writing tools

Your file is being prepared and should be ready in a few minutes. If it's a large file, it might take a bit longer. You can close this window, and we'll email you the file when it's done.

You have reached a maximum limit of <strong>{limit}</strong> columns in the table. Remove at least <strong>1</strong> column to add or create another one.

Prem Singh

Author Tools

Chat about Author

Papers

Groundwater Quality Analysis of Safidon and Julana Blocks of District Jind, Haryana, India

Physio-Chemical & EDXRF Analysis of Groundwater of Ambala, Haryana, India

Population Dynamics of Natural Enemies in Okra Agro-ecosystem in Relation to Abiotic Factors

Assessment of Genetic Diversity in Nigella (Nigella sativa L.) Collections Using Principle Component Analysis