Background. Physical activity is essential to diabetic patients to improve insulin sensitivity so that diabetes can be well controlled. Objectives. The purpose of this study was to analyze the effect of physical activity on glucose transporter-4 (GLUT-4), fasting blood glucose level (FBGL) and glycated hemoglobin (HbA1C) in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in Medan. Material and methods. The study design was analytic with a cross-sectional approach. The study population was T2DM patients, and the number of samples was 83 people who fulfilled the inclusion and exclusion criteria. The study protocol was approved by the research ethics committee at the Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Sumatera Utara, and all participants willing to participate in the study signed written informed consent. The physical activity of T2DM patients was assessed by using a global physical activity questionnaire (GPAQ). The GLUT-4 level was assessed by using the Human GLUT-4 kit, which is ELISA method based. FBGL and HbA1C levels were determined by using the Doronad affinity + Modified HPLC method. Data was analyzed by the one-way ANOVA statistic test and processed by using SpSS. Results. The results showed that physical activity affected the level of GLUT-4, FBGL and HbA1C among T2DM patients. Conclusions. Medications and diet were not the main determinants of controlled BGL in diabetic patients. However, physical activity is one of the four-element points (education, dietary, physical activity, medicine) in diabetes management that must be implemented to achieve a better quality of life in diabetic patients.

The role of physical activity on glucose transporter-4, fasting blood glucose level and glycate hemoglobin in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients in Medan, Indonesia

Demographic and psychosocial factors concerning dietary assessment error have been explored, but few studies have investigated the perceived problems experienced when completing dietary recalls. The aim of this research was to (i) compare the perceived problems encountered in two commonly used self-administered 24-hour dietary recall (24HR) programs (INTAKE24© and ASA24®) and (ii) explore whether mindful and habitual eating are associated with perceived problems during dietary recall. A randomised quantitative crossover design and think-aloud methodology were employed. Undergraduate university students (N = 55, Mage = 25.5, SD = 8.2, 75% female) completed a food habits and mindfulness questions pre-program, one 24HR (whilst thinking aloud), and a systems usability scale post-program. A week later, they completed the other 24HR (whilst thinking aloud). During a pilot, a coding frame of perceived problems was devised to quantify participants’ perceived problems. INTAKE24© generated significantly fewer perceived problems across all categories compared to ASA24® (17.2 vs. 33.1, p < 0.001). Of the participants, 68% reported a preference for INTAKE24© over ASA24®. Hierarchical multiple regression showed that habits and systems usability were significant predictors of perceived problems for INTAKE24© only. No significant predictors were found for ASA24®. The results provide insight into perceived problems people may encounter when using 24HR tools. 

/pdf/predicting-perceived-problems-in-self-administered-24-hour-2kwev3lt.pdf

Predicting Perceived Problems in Self-Administered 24-Hour Dietary Recalls: A Quantitative Think-Aloud Study Comparing Automated Self-Assisted 24-Hour Dietary Assessment Tool (ASA24®) and INTAKE24© in University Students

OBJECTIVE
Medical students usually do not meet the recommendations on the minimum level of physical activity, despite knowing the impact that physical activity has on the prevention and treatment of various diseases. Medical students are considered to be insufficiently physically active. The aim of this study is to determine the prevalence of physically active fifth-year medical students at five universities in Serbia, as well as to identify factors associated with insufficient physical activity of students.


METHODS
A cross-sectional study was performed in the population of fifth-year medical students from five different universities in Serbia. The research instrument was a questionnaire specially designed based on similar research. Descriptive and analytical statistics methods were used in statistical analysis.


RESULTS
The study included a total of 573 fifth-year medical students from five universities in Serbia: 311 (54.3%) Belgrade; 86 (15.0%) Kragujevac; 58 (10.1%) Nis; 66 (11.5%) Kosovska Mitrovica; 52 (9.1%) Novi Sad. Insufficient physical activity was statistically significantly associated with studying at the University of Kosovska Mitrovica (OR = 3.98, 95% CI: 1.83-8.57). There was a statistically significant difference in the frequency of anti-anxiety medications use in the last 12 months between students with sufficient and insufficient physical activity (p = 0.040) as well as in the average number of cigarettes smoked per day between students with sufficient and those with insufficient physical activity (2.82 ± 6.35 vs. 4.50 ± 8.29, p = 0.043). There was also a statistically significant difference in the average score on the Beck's depression scale between students with sufficient and students with insufficient physical activity (6.51 ± 6.59 vs. 10.03 ± 9.37, p < 0.001) and in the average score on Zung's anxiety scale (34.86 ± 8.18 vs. 38.07 ± 8.71, p = 0.003).


CONCLUSION
A high percentage of medical faculty students (86.6%) are physically active. Differences in the level of physical activity were observed between students of these five universities as well as between students with different levels of physical activity.

Physical activity and mental health of medical students.

According to unofficial data, every fifth person in Serbia suffers from some form of irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). Compounds classified as FODMAPs (Fermentable Oligo-, Di-, and Monosaccharides and Polyols) are newly found potential triggers of IBS and a number of associated gastrointestinal disorders. Cereals, predominantly in their wholegrain form, represent the key contributors to the high contents of FODMAPs in wholegrain (high-fiber) bakery products. The current work was structured in a way to systematically evaluate the consumer’s knowledge and preferences toward wholegrain and low-FODMAP bakery products. The questionnaire was filled out by 725 respondents, aged from 18 to 86 years. They were informed about the aim of the research and management of anonymous data. The present study is the first detailed survey in this region of Europe, aiming to improve the familiarity with and attitude toward FODMAPs and a low-FODMAP diet by analyzing the different dietary habits regarding wholegrain-cereal-based products among consumers of various ages, genders, places of residence, and education. The results suggest that the respondents are, to some degree, aware of the health benefits of consuming foods with high fiber content while indicating a low level of knowledge about FODMAP compounds and connected topics. Education about contemporary scientific findings and the potentially harmful effects of consuming FODMAP compounds for a population with gastrointestinal disorders and diseases will be imperative in the future.

FODMAPs—Unknowns for Consumers: First Survey in Serbia

Background: Unhealthy dietary habits, decreased physical activity, poor sleep quality, and increasing levels of stress and burnout have all been identified as major concerns of medical students. Due to the rigorous environment of medical school, maintaining a well-balanced and nutritious diet is often replaced by more convenient and nutrient-poor options. Improper dietary habits and a sedentary lifestyle both play an essential role in the development of type II diabetes, obesity, hypertension, and hyperlipidemia. These unhealthy trends commonly stem from the innate drive for medical students to achieve at the highest level, sacrificing healthy lifestyle choices to maximize studying. Unfortunately, this dynamic creates a paradox where students create an unhealthy lifestyle to increase academic achievement; however, these destructive living conditions lead to a diminished sense of well-being. As a result, greater rates of burnout, comorbidities, and other maladaptive tendencies diminish success in school. Objective: The objective of this study is to investigate the effects of lifestyle habits such as nutrition, physical activity (PA), and stress on academic performance (grade point average: GPA) among first- and second-year students at Nova Southeastern University, Kiran C. Patel College of Osteopathic Medicine (KPCOM). Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted on medical students (n = 161) under institutional review board (IRB) approval. The students voluntarily completed a self-reported survey containing questions about diet, exercise (frequency and type), stress, and self-reported GPA. About 800 students were invited to complete the survey between June 15, 2022, and June 28, 2022. A simple lifestyle indicator questionnaire (SLIQ) score was determined for each student based on their diet, PA, and stress responses. Results: The results showed a significant positive correlation between SLIQ score and high academic achievement. A significant positive association was found between the low academic-achieving (LAA)(2.00-2.99 GPA) vs the high (3.60-4.00 GPA) academic-achieving (HAA) cohorts for physical activity (p = 0.012) as well as diet (p = 0.043). Further, the HAA cohort reported higher satisfaction with their mental and physical health (74% and 54%, respectively) as compared to the LAA cohort (29% each). Conclusion: This study demonstrated positive correlations between diet and physical activity with high academic achievement. The HAA cohort recorded the highest rates of fruit/vegetable and home-cooked meal consumption and the greatest participation in light, moderate, and heavy exercise when compared to the middle academic-achieving (MAA) (3.00-3.59 GPA) and LAA cohorts. Interestingly, the HAA students also recorded the highest rates of satisfaction with their mental and physical health. As a result, there is a need to promote healthier lifestyle trends among medical students with a focus on diet and physical activity.

Cross-Sectional Analysis of the Effect of Physical Activity, Nutrition, and Lifestyle Factors on Medical Students’ Academic Achievement

Background/Aim. Numerous studies have indicated that university students
 exhibit a variety of risky health behaviors, such as the lack of regular
 physical activity and unhealthy eating habits. Due to lack of information
 about students‟ lifestyle in Serbia, we have designed a study with aims: (1)
 to investigate physical activity and eating habits variations by gender,
 year of study and attended faculty; and (2) relationship between physical
 activity and eating habits. Methods. The Survey research method was used.
 Data were collected in school year 2016/2017 during spring semester. Sample
 was randomly stratified (4019 students of the University of Belgrade - 2284
 males), that corresponded about 5% of the whole student population of the
 University of Belgrade. For data collection, two standardized questionnaires
 were used: International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ) and
 Youth/Adolescent Food Questionnaire (YAQ). Results. Male students were
 significantly more high and moderate active than female students (3.15 vs
 2.80 days, respectively; p = 0.003, ES = 0.651). Correspondingly, female
 students were sedentary inactive during the day (326 vs 305 min; p = 0.044,
 ES = 0.232). The interaction between factors revealed that the most high
 active on weakly basis were fourth year male students of
 natural-mathematical sciences (4.20 days), while on daily basis were first
 year female students (161 min). The most sedentary ones were third year
 female students of medical sciences (475 min of sitting per day).
 Significant correlations were found between the time being high active and
 consuming water, vegetables, citrus fruits, integral bread, and cereals.
 Conclusion. Female students were more likely declined to sedentary behavior,
 older students were more active and aware of importance of physical
 activity, while nature of studies can influence the lifestyle. Female and
 older students were more concerned about diets. Additionally, students who
 were more physically active had healthier eating habits.

/pdf/physical-activity-and-eating-habits-of-students-of-the-10ul0haqxx.pdf

Physical activity and eating habits of students of the University of Belgrade: An epidemiological study

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Physical activity and eating habits of students of the University of Belgrade: An epidemiological study