NAFLD is one of the most important causes of liver disease worldwide and will probably emerge as the leading cause of end-stage liver disease in the coming decades, with the disease affecting both adults and children. The epidemiology and demographic characteristics of NAFLD vary worldwide, usually parallel to the prevalence of obesity, but a substantial proportion of patients are lean. The large number of patients with NAFLD with potential for progressive liver disease creates challenges for screening, as the diagnosis of NASH necessitates invasive liver biopsy. Furthermore, individuals with NAFLD have a high frequency of metabolic comorbidities and could place a growing strain on health-care systems from their need for management. While awaiting the development effective therapies, this disease warrants the attention of primary care physicians, specialists and health policy makers.

/pdf/global-burden-of-nafld-and-nash-trends-predictions-risk-2rbbbzfuoo.pdf

Global burden of NAFLD and NASH: trends, predictions, risk factors and prevention

https://aasldpubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/hep.25762

The diagnosis and management of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: practice Guideline by the American Association for the Study of Liver Diseases, American College of Gastroenterology, and the American Gastroenterological Association

SUMMARY Background Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a common cause of chronic liver disease, and its worldwide prevalence continues to increase with the growing obesity epidemic. This study assesses the epidemiology of NAFLD in adults based on clinical literature published over the past 30 years. Aim To review epidemiology and natural history of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and non-alcoholic steatohepatitis in adults based on clinical literature published over the past 30 years. Methods An in-depth search of PubMed (1980–2010) was based on five search terms: ‘nonalcoholic fatty liver disease’ OR ‘non-alcoholic steatohepatitis’ OR ‘fatty liver’ OR ‘steatosis’ AND ‘incidence’ [MeSH Terms] OR ‘prevalence’ [MeSH Terms] OR ‘natural history’. Studies of paediatric cohorts were excluded. Articles were categorised by topic and summarised, noting generalisations concerning their content.

https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1111/j.1365-2036.2011.04724.x

Systematic review: the epidemiology and natural history of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and non-alcoholic steatohepatitis in adults.

The Diagnosis and Management of Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease: Practice Guideline by the American Association for the Study of Liver Diseases, American College of Gastroenterology, and the American Gastroenterological Association

https://www.gastrojournal.org/article/S0016-5085%2812%2900494-5/pdf

The diagnosis and management of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: practice guideline by the American Gastroenterological Association, American Association for the Study of Liver Diseases, and American College of Gastroenterology

https://www.medigraphic.com/pdfs/hepato/ah-2007/ah073g.pdf

Prevalence of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: population based study

Epidemiology of hepatitis e virus infection in western india

Abstract Background and purpose Increase or decrease in the carrying angle may affect the functional activity and lead to elbow instability and pain during exercise or activity of daily living. Grip strength is commonly evaluated as a component of hand function in clinical settings as an indicator of disease and functional activity. The objective of this study was to find out correlation of carrying angle with grip strength and anthropometric measurements in healthy young adults. Methodology Two hundred three participants (female 121 and male 82) with mean age 22.95 ± 2.11 years were included as per the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Carrying angle was measured by goniometer, and grip strength was measured by handheld dynamometer. Anthropometric data like forearm length and hand span was measured by the measuring tape and ruler scale respectively. Results Spearman’s correlation test showed that carrying angle is negatively correlated with grip strength ( r = − 0.18; p &lt; 0.05) and forearm length ( r = − 0.14; p &lt; 0.05) on the left side but no significant correlation on the right side. Body height and carrying angle have negative correlation on the right ( r = − 0.20, p &lt; 0.05) and left sides ( r = − 0.23, p &lt; 0.05). Conclusion As the carrying angle increases, grip strength decreases. The height and length of the forearm are inversely related to the carrying angle. Grip strength is directly proportional with forearm length and hand span. Early identification of increased carrying angle will help in the prevention of various complications and identification of biomechanical alteration in sports activities. 

/pdf/relationship-of-carrying-angle-with-grip-strength-and-19dknby5.pdf

Relationship of carrying angle with grip strength and anthropometric measurements in young adults

Comparison of Kaltenborn mobilization technique and muscle energy technique on range of motion, pain and function in subjects with chronic shoulder adhesive capsulitis

Background: A healthy foot is vital for good posture and ambulation. Flatfoot or pes planus is a medical condition defined by the absence or lowered medial longitudinal arch, with Osseo-ligamentous misalignment. The objective of this study was to find out the prevalence of flat foot in college-going students aged between 18 to 25 years by using navicular drop and medial longitudinal arch angle assessment methods. Methods: In this cross-sectional study, 205 volunteers (116 male and 89 female) were assessed for flat foot using Brody’s navicular drop test and medial longitudinal arch angle measurement with an age range of 18-25 years. The navicular drop of ≥ 10mm and medial longitudinal arch angle of < 130° were considered flat feet. Results: The mean age of the total population (n=205) was 23.30 ± 1.63 years. The result of this study showed that when we used the ND test, there was a prevalence of flat foot in 20% of the total population (for males: 21.55%; for females: 17.97%) whereas when we used MLAA measurement, there was the prevalence of 5.36% in total population (for males: 5.17%; for females: 5.61%). Conclusion: The results of this study quantified the prevalence of flat foot in young college-going students. It can be concluded from the result of this study that the prevalence of flat foot in college-going students was 20% when using the navicular drop test whereas 5.61% when using medial longitudinal arch angle measurement.

Prevalence of Flat Foot in College Going Students: A Cross Sectional Study

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