Performance, energy loss, and degradation prediction of roof-integrated crystalline solar PV system installed in Northern India

Performance comparison of BAPV and BIPV systems with c-Si, CIS and CdTe photovoltaic technologies under tropical weather conditions

Solar energy is one of the greatest attractions among the renewable energy re-sources used for electrification. Harnessing solar energy needs photovoltaic (PV) system that converts light energy from sun into direct electricity. Photovoltaic systems can be installed at any place where sufficient energy potentials are avail-able. The major challenge in the PV systems is to study its performance as it is varying with respect to various parameters and system components functioning. Hence real time monitoring system is needed to assess its performance. This study briefs about the use of internet of things (IoT) in performance monitoring and real time control of PV systems. Focus is made on the IoT need and its architecture for PV systems with relevant discussions. Use of IoT enhances the understanding over the real time operating parameters. This helps in accessing the control over the PV systems installed at remote areas, effective and fast fault diagnosis, maintenance, recording generation and performance data for analysis.

Internet of Things (IoT) in Photovoltaic Systems

This paper compares the performance of photovoltaics (PV) for building applications in two configurations: building applied photovoltaics (BAPV) and building integrated photovoltaics (BIPV). A 32.7 kWp PV capacity is proposed for a roof building and its performance in BAPV and BIPV configurations with three PV technologies namely crystalline (c-Si), CIS, and CdTe is analyzed. The standard methodology with performance parameters such as energy yield (EY), yield factor (YF), capacity utilization factor (CUF), performance ratio (PR), and losses is used. It is found that the EY, YF, and year to year energy production variability of BIPV and BAPV technologies varies from 43,700–46,800 kW h, 1336.39–1431.19 kW h/kWp, and 1910–2100 kW h respectively. The CUF and PR vary from 15.25–16.33%, and 72.23–77.36% respectively. Irrespective of PV configuration and technology, observed losses due to the angle of incidence, spectral effects, effects of change in irradianceand module temperatures are observed to be − 2.8%, − 1 to − 5%, and − 7.4 to − 13.6% respectively. Total system losses range from −22.6 to 27.8% causing a fair amount of loss in the PV efficiency. Among, three PV technologies, CdTe is observed to perform better than CIS, and c-Si.

Performance comparison of BAPV and BIPV systems with c-Si

Among the recent inventions, smart glass is one of the wearable device typically referred to be switchable glass that is capable of handling a wide range of computing activities that an ordinary human cannot do. It is the amalgamation of technologies that help in converting the transparent nature of the hard glass into the translucent mostly allowing the human to machine interactions. In this paper, insights into the smart glass and its design factors were highlighted. Moreover, its features and various commercially available smart glasses were carefully studied. Besides these, a survey on smart glass applications is made, and various possible new applications were explored. Unlike the possible applications, numerous challenges faced by the smart glasses were explored.

Wearable Smart Glass: Features, Applications, Current Progress and Challenges

This paper presents, a study on grid feed-in electricity estimations from a roof integrated PV system. The system is configured with Si-amorph PV array, inverter, utility meter and electric power grid. Parameters that would influence PV electricity like roof or PV array orientation (north east, east, south east, south, south west, west, north west, and north), tilt angle (0°, 15°, 30°, 45°, 60°, 75°, and 90°), and available roof surface area (2 Sq. m, 10 Sq. m, 20 Sq. m, 50 Sq. m, 100 Sq. m, 200 Sq. m, 500 Sq. m and 1000 Sq. m) were considered during this study. Based on these selected parameters 448 combinations of grid integrated PV systems were studied for Hyderabad City in Telangana State of India. All 448 combination were analyzed in PV-Online simulation tool and the results were assessed for best orientation and tilt angle. Results includes power of the PV-field at STC in kW as per the roof or PV array area in Sq. m, grid feed-in electricity as per eight PV array orientations with respect to different tilt angles, performance ratios (PR's) and grid feed-in payment for 448 combinations. Apart from this, grid feed-in electricity and performance ratios (PR's) were compared between horizontal and vertical roof mounted PV systems with all eight orientations.

Estimation of grid feed in electricity from roof integrated Si-amorph PV system based on orientation, tilt and available roof surface area

Wearable Devices and their relevant intelligent and integrated computing techniques are presently being discovered to promote extensive claims in many areas. Smart Glass is one such wearable device which attracted many sectors since its official launch as Google Glass in 2014. Currently, no resource exists in the literature that supports the use of Smart Glass for the solar industry. For the first time, this article seeks to expand the Smart Glass applications into the solar power industry especially for addressing the solar power plant operation and maintenance issues. Applicability and scope for possible operations were explored by studying the technology and integrated computing techniques. Various sensors were embedded in smart glass, and they are a camera, microphone, global navigation system (GPS), magnetometer, light sensor, and a tangible interface. These embedded sensors can do works that are most important in monitoring few relevant parameters and addressing the challenges in solar power plant and its system components. Few computing technologies which could be integrated with the smart glass specifically in the view of solar were proposed. The theoretical study was carried out in monitoring the feasibilities of capturing images of the photovoltaic (PV) module for addressing dust and temperature problems, identifying the location of the power plant, noise monitoring of the system components, detection of power cables using magnetometers, tracking of visually enriched images under light conditions etc. Also, with the help of tangible sensors, the operator can use and interact with any digital interface available for displaying the monitor parameters. Hence, it is felt that the smart glass could be a great assent for solar power plant operation and maintenance.

Applicability of Wearable Smart Glass for Solar Power Plant Operation and Maintenance

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Estimation of grid feed in electricity from roof integrated Si-amorph PV system based on orientation, tilt and available roof surface area

Applicability of Wearable Smart Glass for Solar Power Plant Operation and Maintenance