National Institute of Standards and Technology における超伝導研究及び生活

The objective of this paper is to give a comprehensive introduction to applied cryptography with an engineer or computer scientist in mind. The emphasis is on the knowledge needed to create practical systems which supports integrity, confidentiality, or authenticity. Topics covered includes an introduction to the concepts in cryptography, attacks against cryptographic systems, key use and handling, random bit generation, encryption modes, and message authentication codes. Recommendations on algorithms and further reading is given in the end of the paper. This paper should make the reader able to build, understand and evaluate system descriptions and designs based on the cryptographic components described in the paper.

[서평]「Applied Cryptography」

Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) are used in many applications in military, ecological, and health-related areas These applications often include the monitoring of sensitive information such as enemy movement on the battlefield or the location of personnel in a building Security is therefore important in WSNs However, WSNs suffer from many constraints, including low computation capability, small memory, limited energy resources, susceptibility to physical capture, and the use of insecure wireless communication channels These constraints make security in WSNs a challenge In this article we present a survey of security issues in WSNs First we outline the constraints, security requirements, and attacks with their corresponding countermeasures in WSNs We then present a holistic view of security issues These issues are classified into five categories: cryptography, key management, secure routing, secure data aggregation, and intrusion detection Along the way we highlight the advantages and disadvantages of various WSN security protocols and further compare and evaluate these protocols based on each of these five categories We also point out the open research issues in each subarea and conclude with possible future research directions on security in WSNs

/pdf/a-survey-of-security-issues-in-wireless-sensor-networks-4dxn3686s1.pdf

A survey of security issues in wireless sensor networks

In this article we provide a comprehensive review of the existing literature on techniques and protocols for in-network aggregation in wireless sensor networks. We first define suitable criteria to classify existing solutions, and then describe them by separately addressing the different layers of the protocol stack while highlighting the role of a cross-layer design approach, which is likely to be needed for optimal performance. Throughout the article we identify and discuss open issues, and propose directions for future research in the area

/pdf/in-network-aggregation-techniques-for-wireless-sensor-3worsvl5sb.pdf

In-network aggregation techniques for wireless sensor networks: a survey

In-network aggregation is an essential primitive for performing queries on sensor network data. However, most aggregation algorithms assume that all intermediate nodes are trusted. In contrast, the standard threat model in sensor network security assumes that an attacker may control a fraction of the nodes, which may misbehave in an arbitrary (Byzantine) manner.We present the first algorithm for provably secure hierarchical in-network data aggregation. Our algorithm is guaranteed to detect any manipulation of the aggregate by the adversary beyond what is achievable through direct injection of data values at compromised nodes. In other words, the adversary can never gain any advantage from misrepresenting intermediate aggregation computations. Our algorithm incurs only O(Δ log2 n) node congestion, supports arbitrary tree-based aggregator topologies and retains its resistance against aggregation manipulation in the presence of arbitrary numbers of malicious nodes. The main algorithm is based on performing the sum aggregation securely by first forcing the adversary to commit to its choice of intermediate aggregation results, and then having the sensor nodes independently verify that their contributions to the aggregate are correctly incorporated. We show how to reduce secure median, count, and average to this primitive.

/pdf/secure-hierarchical-in-network-aggregation-in-sensor-23gqy0m7o5.pdf

Secure hierarchical in-network aggregation in sensor networks

Energy-efficient secure pattern based data aggregation for wireless sensor networks

Secure data transmission and data aggregation are critical in designing cluster-based sensor networks This paper presents an Energy-efficient and Secure Pattern-based Data Aggregation protocol (ESPDA) for wireless sensor networks ESPDA is energy and bandwidth efficient because cluster-heads prevent the transmission of redundant data from sensor nodes ESPDA is also secure because it does not require the encrypted data to be decrypted by cluster-heads to perform data aggregation In ESPDA, cluster-head first requests sensor nodes to send the corresponding pattern code for the sensed data If multiple sensor nodes send the same pattern code to the cluster-head, then only one of them is permitted to send the data to the cluster-head Hence, ESPDA has advantages over the conventional data aggregation techniques with respect to energy, bandwidth efficiency and security Simulations results show that as data redundancy increases, the amount of data transmitted from sensor nodes to cluster-head decreases up to 45% when compared to conventional algorithms

ESPDA: Energy-efficient and Secure Pattern-based Data Aggregation for wireless sensor networks

Wireless sensor networks consist of many inexpensive wireless nodes, each having sensing capability with some computational and communication power. Asymmetric cryptographic algorithms are not suitable for providing security on wireless sensor networks due to limited computation, power, and storage resources available on sensor nodes. Therefore, the energy-efficient security protocol proposed in this paper uses symmetric cryptographic algorithms to support security. To mitigate the drawbacks of symmetric cryptographic algorithms, the session key is changed dynamically, in addition to employing code-hopping technique in non-blocking OVSF codes.

Energy efficient security protocol for wireless sensor networks

Distributed Sensing and Data Gathering

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Energy-efficient secure pattern based data aggregation for wireless sensor networks

ESPDA: Energy-efficient and Secure Pattern-based Data Aggregation for wireless sensor networks

Energy efficient security protocol for wireless sensor networks

Distributed Sensing and Data Gathering