This paper provides an overview of the Internet of Things (IoT) with emphasis on enabling technologies, protocols, and application issues. The IoT is enabled by the latest developments in RFID, smart sensors, communication technologies, and Internet protocols. The basic premise is to have smart sensors collaborate directly without human involvement to deliver a new class of applications. The current revolution in Internet, mobile, and machine-to-machine (M2M) technologies can be seen as the first phase of the IoT. In the coming years, the IoT is expected to bridge diverse technologies to enable new applications by connecting physical objects together in support of intelligent decision making. This paper starts by providing a horizontal overview of the IoT. Then, we give an overview of some technical details that pertain to the IoT enabling technologies, protocols, and applications. Compared to other survey papers in the field, our objective is to provide a more thorough summary of the most relevant protocols and application issues to enable researchers and application developers to get up to speed quickly on how the different protocols fit together to deliver desired functionalities without having to go through RFCs and the standards specifications. We also provide an overview of some of the key IoT challenges presented in the recent literature and provide a summary of related research work. Moreover, we explore the relation between the IoT and other emerging technologies including big data analytics and cloud and fog computing. We also present the need for better horizontal integration among IoT services. Finally, we present detailed service use-cases to illustrate how the different protocols presented in the paper fit together to deliver desired IoT services.

Internet of Things: A Survey on Enabling Technologies, Protocols, and Applications

The Internet of Things (IoT) is defined as a paradigm in which objects equipped with sensors, actuators, and processors communicate with each other to serve a meaningful purpose. In this paper, we survey state-of-the-art methods, protocols, and applications in this new emerging area. This survey paper proposes a novel taxonomy for IoT technologies, highlights some of the most important technologies, and profiles some applications that have the potential to make a striking difference in human life, especially for the differently abled and the elderly. As compared to similar survey papers in the area, this paper is far more comprehensive in its coverage and exhaustively covers most major technologies spanning from sensors to applications.

/pdf/internet-of-things-architectures-protocols-and-applications-46rpfbd58i.pdf

Internet of Things: Architectures, Protocols, and Applications

Towards sustainable smart cities: A review of trends, architectures, components, and open challenges in smart cities

Since decades, the financial industry has experienced a continuous evolution in service delivery due to digitalization. This evolution is characterized by expanded connectivity and enhanced speed of information processing both at the customer interface and in back-office processes. Recently, there has been a shift in the focus of digitalization from improving the delivery of traditional tasks to introducing fundamentally new business opportunities and models for financial service companies. Digital Finance encompasses a magnitude of new financial products, financial businesses, finance-related software, and novel forms of customer communication and interaction—delivered by FinTech companies and innovative financial service providers. Against this backdrop, the research on finance and information systems has started to analyze these changes and the impact of digital progress on the financial sector. Therefore, this article reviews the current state of research in Digital Finance that deals with these novel and innovative business functions. Moreover, it gives an outlook on potential future research directions. As a conceptual basis for reviewing this field, the Digital Finance Cube, which embraces three key dimensions of Digital Finance and FinTech, i.e., the respective business functions, the technologies and technological concepts applied as well as the institutions concerned, is introduced. This conceptualization supports researchers and practitioners when orientating in the field of Digital Finance, allows for the arrangement of academic research relatively to each other, and enables for the revelation of the gaps in research.

Digital Finance and FinTech: current research and future research directions

Advances in wireless sensor network (WSN) technology has provided the availability of small and low-cost sensor nodes with capability of sensing various types of physical and environmental conditions, data processing, and wireless communication. Variety of sensing capabilities results in profusion of application areas. However, the characteristics of wireless sensor networks require more effective methods for data forwarding and processing. In WSN, the sensor nodes have a limited transmission range, and their processing and storage capabilities as well as their energy resources are also limited. Routing protocols for wireless sensor networks are responsible for maintaining the routes in the network and have to ensure reliable multi-hop communication under these conditions. In this paper, we give a survey of routing protocols for Wireless Sensor Network and compare their strengths and limitations.

/pdf/routing-protocols-in-wireless-sensor-networks-a-survey-4kx2qd8zga.pdf

Routing Protocols in Wireless Sensor Networks - A Survey

Forest fire (wildfire) is one of the common hazards that is accrued in the forest. Fire monitoring has three phases: pre-fire (take appropriate action for fire control), during fire (detection of fire and planning to control fire), post-fire (damage assessment and mitigation planning). In older days, manually fire detection approach is used. In current days, satellite-based surveillance system is used to detect forest fire but this works when fire is spread in the large area. So these techniques are not efficient. According to a survey, approximately 80% losses are accrued in the forest due to the late detection of fire. So to overcome this problem, we use the Internet of things technology. In this paper, early fire detection model has been proposed with the help of the Raspberry Pi microcontroller and required sensors. Centralized server is used for storing the data and analyzing that data. Feed-forward fully connected neural network is used for prediction purpose. Then, an alert message is sent to the admin and to the people within the proximity.

Forest Fire Detection System Using IoT and Artificial Neural Network

Coordinated checkpointing is a method that minimises number of processes to checkpoint for an initiation. It may require blocking of processes, extra synchronisation messages or useless checkpoints. We propose a minimum process coordinated checkpointing algorithm where the number of useless checkpoints and blocking are reduced using a probabilistic approach that computes an interacting set of processes on checkpoint initiation. A process checkpoints if the probability that it will get a checkpoint request in current initiation is high. A few processes may be blocked but they can continue their normal computation and may send messages. We also modified methodology to maintain exact dependencies.

A synchronous checkpointing protocol for mobile distributed systems: probabilistic approach

ad hoc networks data transfer is typically done with the help of multihop communication in which the high speed vehicles are acting as the data carrier. The vehicles are constrained to move on definite path depending on the road layout and the traffic conditions. In vehicular ad hoc network multihop data delivery is very complicated job because of the high mobility and frequent disconnections occurring in the vehicular networks. The biggest challenge in vehicular ad hoc networks is the collection of information like accident, speed limit, any obstacle on road, road condition, traffic condition, commercial advertisement, etc, for the safety and convenience purpose. In many dissemination techniques, the vehicle carries the packet until it finds any other vehicle in his range which is moving towards the direction of the destination and then it forwards the packet to that vehicle. Since the road layouts are already defined, the vehicle selects the next road having minimum latency to forward the packet to the destination. We can only calculate the probabilistic estimate that which path should be followed for minimizing delay so that limited available bandwidth can be efficiently utilized.

/pdf/a-survey-on-data-dissemination-techniques-used-in-vanets-4it209z5l4.pdf

A Survey on Data Dissemination Techniques used in VANETs

In Mobile Adhoc Networks (MANETs), due to frequent network partition, data availability is lower than that in traditional wired networks. Cooperative caching provides an attractive solution for this problem. In this paper we propose a new proactive approach for cooperative caching in MANETs, in which we will cache the data of leaving node. Here each mobile node will broadcast a “LEAVE” message when it moves out from its zone. Based upon its Caching Information Table (CIT) zone manager will decide which data is to be cached. This will help to improve the data availability and overall performance of the network.

/pdf/proactive-approach-for-cooperative-caching-in-mobile-adhoc-x4xbulx5cd.pdf

Proactive Approach for Cooperative Caching in Mobile Adhoc Networks

The sensor nodes in Wireless Sensor Network are battery powered devices which consumes energy during data transmission, processing, etc. The critical task in WSN is to deal with optimizing power consumption. One possible way to minimize power consumption is by the use of caching the data. Generally data transmission in WSN consumes more energy than processing, so it is good to utilize the benefits of caching so that data access can be made faster. Caching, if used efficiently, could reduce overall network traffic and hence bandwidth can be optimally utilized. In this paper we are reviewing the various data caching techniques in WSNs. This paper aims at future research work and provide researcher with helpful guidelines. Keywords Caching, Wireless Sensor Networks, Energy Efficiency. 1. INTRODUCTION recent developments in making energy effThe icient Wireless Sensor Network [1-2] is giving new direction to deploy these networks in applications like surveillance [3-5], industrial monitoring [6], traffic monitoring [7], habitat monitoring [8], cropping monitoring [9], crowd counting [10], etc . The growing use of these networks is making engineers to evolve innovative and efficient ideas in this field. A lot of research in data routing, data compression and in-network aggregation has been proposed in recent years. One of the major factors that could help in building an efficient Wireless Sensor Network is by the use of caching. To best of our knowledge, few research has been done in making an energy efficient Wireless Sensor Network utilizing the benefits of caching the data. Caching is a technique which provides faster data access in any computing system. With the discovery of cache the accessibility of data has been increased as it stores data to be needed in future and can be retrieved rapidly. Caching [11] has made its impact in the Wireless sensor networks also. A wireless sensor network consists of a large number of nodes [12] spread over a specific area where we want to look after at the changes going on there. A sensor node generally consists of sensors, actuators, memory, a processor and they do have communication ability. All the sensor nodes are allowed to communicate through a wireless medium. The wireless medium may either of radio frequencies, infrared or any other medium, of course, having no wired connection. These nodes are deployed in a random fashion and communicate within to make an ad-hoc network. If the node is not able to communicate with other through direct link, i.e. they are out of coverage range of each other, the data can be send to the other node by using the nodes in between them. This property refers to multi-hoping. Generally WSNs are not centralized one as there is peer-to-peer communication between the nodes. So there is no requirement of prior established infrastructure to deploy the network. WSN gives flexibility of adding nodes and removing the nodes as required. But this gives rise to many drastic changes to deal with in the network topology such as updating the path, or the network tree, etc. In a WSN the node that gathers the data information refers to sink. The sink may be connected to the outside world through internet where the information can be utilized within time constraints.

/pdf/effective-cache-based-policies-in-wireless-sensor-networks-a-1tdmw7cbph.pdf

Effective Cache based Policies in Wireless Sensor Networks: A Survey

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