PLA composites: From production to properties

Renewable and sustainable biobased materials: An assessment on biofibers, biofilms, biopolymers and biocomposites

Synthesis of zinc oxide nanoparticles using plant leaf extract against urinary tract infection pathogen

The massive consumption of a wide range plastic products has generated a huge amount of plastic waste. There is a need to provide awareness of their uses and routine management as a part of our lifestyle. Nowadays, plastics are increasingly being used in our daily life activities, including the packaging in different food and brewing companies, cosmetics, pharmaceutical, and other production sectors need to pack their end products for efficient and safer product's delivery to the community. Plastics are produced through the biochemical process of polymerization or polycondensation. The post-use of generated plastic waste has many adverse impacts on the environment if not processed and managed in a proper way. This review aims to discuss the lifecycle of plastic products according to their different categories, including polyvinyl chloride (PVC–U), polystyrene or styrofoam (PS), polypropylene (PP), high-density polyethylene (HDPE), polyethylene terephthalate (PETE), and others. Herein, we have also discussed the problems caused by the inadequate processing of plastic waste and the possible solutions that can be provided to ensure a good atmosphere and to reduce the causes of climate changes, which is challenging to life on this planet.

Plastic waste and its management strategies for environmental sustainability

https://dr.ntu.edu.sg/bitstream/10356/141560/3/Polymeric%20composites%20for%20powder-based%20additive%20manufacturingmanuscript%20RV10.pdf

Polymeric composites for powder-based additive manufacturing : materials and applications

Abstract In recent years, energy has become an important factor in overall development. Most of the energy comes from fossil fuels which are nonrenewable and harmful to our environment. It has become important to develop new application technologies that utilize thermal energy storage (TES) technology. Energy storage technology based on PCMs is a cutting-edge research area with a wide range of potential applications. But the biggest problem of phase change material is its leakage problem, for that the researchers have set up a solution i.e., the microencapsulation techniques. This paper gives an overview of the synthesis of (MPCM) microencapsulated phase change material by using different methodologies and their applications in industrial coatings. Corrosion is the biggest problem in industrial coatings which reduces the working time span and overall performance of the coatings. The incorporation of the micro-PCMs in industrial coatings increases workability as well as the overall performance of the coatings. This review covers the use of MPCM in various industrial coating applications, challenges, and their future directions are also discussed.

Microencapsulation of polymeric phase change materials (MPCM) for thermal energy storage in industrial coating applications

Filled polymers and their blends

Bioproduct beeswax has good potential to serve as Phase Change Material (PCM) for thermal energy storage applications. But leakage problems during the thermal transition process of beeswax demand for its encapsulation. This study demonstrates the use of resorcinol modified phenol-formaldehyde shell for beeswax microencapsulation. The optimum values of process parameters for microencapsulation were determined with the help of the Taguchi orthogonal array. Taguchi method helps to minimize experimental formulation numbers for determining optimum values of process parameters. The optimum values for control parameters core to shell ratio, surfactant concentration and agitation speed were 1:1, 3% and 800 rpm respectively. The microencapsulation process carried out with optimum parameter values yielded microencapsulated PCM. FTIR, DSC and particle size analysis confirmed microencapsulation of beeswax with resorcinol modified phenol-formaldehyde shell. Microcapsules had high melting enthalpy of 148.93 J/g with the peak phase transition temperature of 57.86 oC. Morphological analysis with SEM and optical microscope reported spherical geometry of beeswax microcapsules. Heat transfer profile of microcapsules captured with thermal imaging camera reciprocated with DSC results. The prepared thermal energy storing microcapsules will enhance the performance of building materials, solar devices, electronic systems and packaging materials.

Study of thermal energy storing beeswax microcapsules by in situ polymerization method

Epoxy resin is used from last few decades for coating application in many fields Nowadays use af waterboine resins for coating is increased because it is environment friendly, reduces volatile organic compounds (VOC) emission and reduces cost due to use of water as solvent. Properties of Epoxy resin are improved by preparation of their hybrids. In this paper some of the techniques like Blending, Alloying, Sol-gel, Emulsion polymerization used for preparation of hybrid epoxy resin are discussed There are different types of hybrid epoxy resin used in coating application some of them are reviewed in this paper. The curing agents used for curing of epoxy resin are also discussed. The characterization of the hybrid epoxies had very much importance to research workers, the different instruments and methods used for characterization are also mentioned.

Epoxy resin and their hybrid for coating application: A review

The melt rheology of polypropylene (PP) filled with fly ash (FA) before and after treatment with coconut water (CW) was studied for different concentration of the filler. The fly ash after coconut water treatment clearly showed additional peaks in the infrared (IR) spectra corresponding to the hydroxyl and carbonyl groups indicating good adsorption of CW on FA. The X-ray diffraction of melt compounded PP filled with CW-treated (CWT) FA showed large reduction of the main silica peak of FA and considerable broadening of Mullite and hematite peaks suggesting formation of fine particles by this treatment. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) confirmed the drastic reduction of particle size in these composites. The melt rheological studies for these composites indicated considerable increase in viscosity at low filler loading for CW treated FA. The concentration dependence of melt viscosity did not follow any of the theoretical equations suggested in literature. Although, the behavior was similar to nanoparticle-filled polymers, there were some differences especially above the critical concentration of 4.5% by volume. The frequency dependence of storage and loss modulus indicated crossover point clearly, which was greatly affected by CW treatment. The Cole–Cole plots of real and imaginary part of melt viscosity brought out the broad distribution of relaxation time for the CW treated FA. The CW treated FA melt compounded with PP gave rise to nanocomposites with uniform dispersion. However, above 4.5% by volume, there appears to be agglomerate formation along with a thin interfacial layer, which assists the melt flow even at high filler loading. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2016, 133, 43900.

Melt rheological studies of polypropylene filled with coconut water treated and untreated fly ash

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