A. L. Kroeber and Clyde Kluckhohn, "culture: A critical review of concepts and definitions"

Drawing on the rational choice approach and the economic sociology of migration, this article discusses the role of social networks in terms of location-specific social capital. It discusses relations between sociological and economic aspects of migration and outlines the influence of social capital on migration decision-making and chain migration processes. There have been various attempts to measure these effects through empirical migration research, and this article focuses on two such studies. The first example concerns an investigation of migration intentions among Bulgarians in the 2001 Bulgarian census. The second is return migration in the household context of Italian migrants in Germany, based on data from the German Socio-Economic Panel. The main finding is that social capital at the place of destination has positive impacts on emigration intentions and return migration, whereas social capital at the place of residence has negative impacts on return migration.

Migration Networks and Migration Decision-Making

1. Social change and adolescent development: issues and challenges Lisa J. Crockett and Rainer K. Silbereisen Part I. Models of Social Changes Effects: 2. Surmounting life's disadvantage Glen H. Elder and Stephen T. Russell 3. Marriage and the baby carriage: historical change and intergenerational continuity in early parenthood Jeanne Brooks-Gunn, Sara Schley, and Janet Hardy 4. Effects of social change on individual development: the role of social and personal factors, and the timing of events Gisela Trommsdorff Part II. Social Change and the Adolescent Traditions: 5. The global spread of adolescent culture Alice Schlegel 6. Social change and the sequencing of developmental transitions John Bynner 7. Early adversities and the timing of psychosocial development in adolescence: a comparison of the former Germanys Rainer K. Silbereisen 8. Adolescents in changing social structures Michael J. Shanahan and Kathryn E. Hood Part III. Social Change and Adolescents' Social Contexts: 9. Peer relations in times of social changes Peter Noack 10. Life course dynamics and the development of new relations between generations Hans Bertram 11. A neighborhood-level perspective on social change and the social control of adolescent delinquency Robert Sampson 12. Social change and the 'social contract' in adolescent development Constance A. Flanagan Part IV. Implications of Social Change for Adolescent Health and Well-Being: 13. The role of economic pressure in the lives of parents and their adolescents: the family stress model Katherine Jewsbury Conger, Martha A. Rueter and Rand D. Conger 14. Spread your wings and fly: the course of health and well-being during the transition to adulthood John Schulenberg, Patrick M. O'Malley, Jerald G. Bachman, and LLoyd D. Johnston 15. Social change and the individual: what is a cohort and why? Klaus Boehnke Part V. Interventions: Promoting Healthy Development in Times of Social Change: 16. Research, intervention, and social change: improving adolescents' career opportunities Stephen F. Hamilton and Mary Agnes Hamilton 17. Preparing adolescents for social change: designing generic social interventions Ruby Takanishi 18. Adolescents in the twentieth century: preparing for an uncertain future Anne C. Petersen.

/pdf/negotiating-adolescence-in-times-of-social-change-2sei0dahd5.pdf

Negotiating adolescence in times of social change.

Intelligence cannot be fully or even meaningfully understood outside its cultural context. Work that seeks to study intelligence acontextually risks the imposition of an investigator's view of the world on the rest of the world. Moreover, work on intelligence within a single culture mayfail to do justice to the range of skills and knowledge that may constitute intelligence broadly defined and risks drawing false and hasty generalizations. This article considers the relevance of culture to intelligence, as well as its investigation, assessment, and development. Studies that show the importance of understanding intelligence in its cultural context are described; the author concludes that intelligence must be understood in such context.

/pdf/culture-and-intelligence-4lt267vbqq.pdf

Culture and Intelligence.

Individualism-collectivism is one of the best researched dimensions of culture in psychology. One frequently asked but underexamined question regards its cross-temporal changes: Are cultures becoming individualistic? One influential theory of cultural change, modernization theory, predicts the rise of individualism as a consequence of economic growth. Findings from past research are generally consistent with this theory, but there is also a body of evidence suggesting its limitations. To examine these issues, cross-temporal analyses of individualism-collectivism in the United States and Japan were conducted. Diverging patterns of cultural changes were found across indices: In both countries, some of the obtained indices showed rising individualism over the past several decades, supporting the modernization theory. However, other indices showed patterns that are best understood within the frameworks of a shifting focus of social relationships and a persisting cultural heritage. A comprehensive theory of cultural change requires considerations of these factors in addition to the modernization effect.

Are Cultures Becoming Individualistic? A Cross-Temporal Comparison of Individualism–Collectivism in the United States and Japan:

Biographical Notes Preface Introduction Part I Theory and Methods in Cross-Cultural Research WJ Lonner, The Psychological Study of Culture: Issues and Questions of Enduring Importance P Chakkarath, What can Western Psychology Learn From Indigenous Psychologies? - Lessons From Hindu Psychology M Cole, Using Cross-Cultural Psychology to Design Afterschool Educational Activities in Different Cultural Settings Part II: On the Development of Developmental Theories KE Grossmann, K Grossmann, A Keppler Universal and Culture-Specific Aspects of Human Behavior: The Case of Attachment F Rothbaum and G Morelli, Attachment and Culture: Bridging Relativism and Universalism Wolfgang Friedlmeier, Emotional Development and Culture: Reciprocal Contributions of Cross-Cultural Research and Developmental Psychology RC Mishra, PR Dasen, Spatial Language and Cognitive Development in India: An Urban/Rural Comparison Part III: Intergenerational Relationships Bernhard Nauck, Changing Value of Children: An Action Theory of Fertility Behavior and Intergenerational Relationships in Cross-Cultural Comparison B Schwarz, E Schafermeier and G Trommsdorff, Relations between Value Orientation, Child-Rearing Goals, and Parenting: A Comparison of German and South Korean Mothers R Seginer, Adolescent Future Orientation: Intergenerational Transmission and Intertwining Tactics in Cultural and Family Settings Part IV: Social Change Cigdem Kagitcibasi, Modernization Does Not Mean Westernization: Emergence of a Different Pattern Helmut Klages, Modernization and Value Change Part V: Acculturation J W Berry, Acculturation A Thomas, Long-Term Effects of International Student Exchange Programs Makoto Kobayashi, Collective Self-Esteem and Acculturation: A Case Study of European and Japanese Internship Students Subject Index

pdf/culture-and-human-development-the-importance-of-cross-5aovgin5ns.pdf

Culture and Human Development : The Importance of Cross-Cultural Research for the Social Sciences

Changing Value of Children: An Action Theory of Fertility Behavior and Intergenerational Relationships in Cross-Cultural Comparison

What can Western Psychology Learn From Indigenous Psychologies?-Lessons From Hindu Psychology

Universal and Culture-Specific Aspects of Human Behavior: The Case of Attachment

Attachment and Culture: Bridging Relativism and Universalism

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