There are many patient groups who may refuse blood products; the most well known amongst them is the Jehovah's Witness faith. Treatment of anaemia and bleeding in such patients presents a challenge to medical, anaesthetic, and surgical teams. This review examines the perioperative issues and management of Jehovah's Witnesses. The history and beliefs of Jehovah's Witnesses are outlined together with their impact on ethics and the law, and different management options throughout the perioperative period are discussed.

https://ct1.medstarhealth.org/content/uploads/sites/10/2015/10/perioperative-jehovahs-witnesses-a-review.pdf

Perioperative Jehovah's Witnesses: a review

Iron-deficiency anemia (IDA) is a common nutritional disorder and an important risk factor for the development of mild cognitive impairment that may progress to dementia, if untreated. The anemic status due to iron deficiency (ID) alters the electrogenesis in the central nervous system. P300 is a cognitive evoked potential (CEP) used as an objective tool to assess cognitive function. Mild cognitive impairment is indicated by prolonged P300 wave latency and reduced amplitude. IDA is highly prevalent among women particularly in the reproductive phase and data on cognitive assessment using P300 in them are sparse. This review aims to analyze the evidence from recent literature regarding the effect of IDA on evoked potentials like P300 in women. A systematic literature review was conducted and databases, like PubMed, Medline, Scopus, and Google Scholar, were searched for studies from the last 20 years. We selected research papers that compared P300 between anemic women and controls of the same age, and evaluated the effects of iron supplementation on P300 in anemic women. Based on the inclusion criteria, three studies were found. The studies demonstrated impaired P300 potentials in anemic women that improved following iron supplementation. Promoting screening of anemic women with P300 aids in the early detection of subclinical cognitive decline. Ensuring adequate iron treatment can prevent mild cognitive impairment from progressing to severe forms like dementia and other neuropsychological disorders. Further studies utilizing P300 as a cognitive tool need to be encouraged to establish definite conclusions regarding its efficacy in detecting cognitive dysfunctions in anemia.

https://doi.org/10.4103/jfmpc.jfmpc_1151_21

P300, a tool for cognitive assessment in women with iron deficiency anemia: A systematic review

Anaemia an important global health problem, which is categorized as one of the 10 most serious health problems by the World Health Organization. More than two billion people worldwide are estimated to have anaemia, with majority coming from the developing countries. Anaemia affects health of an individual varying from poor scholastic performance and cognitive impairment and even causes maternal mortalities. Percentage prevalence of anaemia among adolescent girls in the age group 15-19 years and in the older age group 20-29 years remains almost stagnant at 55.8% and 56.1% respectively. Young age period is formative years in life of an individual and crucial period for undertaking greater responsibilities including decision for study, to earn livelihood and healthy responsible parenthood. Protocol of study selection were prepared before the start of study and studies conducted in various states of India among college students and published between the year January 2000 to December 2021 were included. We searched Pubmed, Research gate, Google scholar for articles and 24 studies were included as per predesigned protocol. Analysis of reported studies shown high prevalence of anaemia among college students and more among female students. Subjects of most of the conducted studies were medical students. More studies should be conducted among Arts and Science college students. It is essential to conduct studies among college students to give not only awareness, but also warn them about health hazards and consequences affecting their day to day life.

Prevalence of anaemia among college going students in India: a systematic review

Abstract: This report presents the design and structural analysis of a go-kart using PTC Creo for CAD modelling and ANSYS for finite element analysis (FEA). The aim is to develop a low-cost, comfortable, and durable go-kart with an optimized frame design. The study involves the application of design principles and advanced simulation tools to ensure the go-kart meets safety and performance standards. The best frame design was identified through iterative testing and analysis, focusing on weight distribution, material selection, and structural integrity. The objective of this work is to demonstrate the design procedure and good strength for a Roll cage. This project emphasizes on the practical and engineering applications of the subjects Vehicle Dynamics and Automotive Technology. 

Design of Two-Wheeler Hybrid Electric Vehicle using MATLAB-Simulink

Background: The anemia not only negatively affects physical function but also the cognition, mood, and quality of life in adult patients due to hypoxic condition as per its severity. This study has been planned to investigate the cross-section association of anemia with cognitive function in neurologically intact patients. Methods: In this study, a total 200 subjects were enrolled out of which 100 were cases and 100 age and sex matched controls. Mini-mental status examination (MMSE) and short portable mental status questionnaire (SPMSQ) scales were used to assess cognition in all the subjects. Results: This study showed that there was a significant correlation between the anemia and the cognitive skills in the neurologically intact patients. Conclusion: The cognitive functions were strongly related to hemoglobin levels as seen by low MMSE score and higher SPMSQ error in those with low hemoglobin levels compared with those with higher hemoglobin levels.

Does anemia affects cognitive functions in neurologically intact adult patients: Two year cross sectional study at rural tertiary care hospital.

Introduction: The cognitive functions in adults can be altered by a number of diseases, nutritional deficiencies, hormonal changes, ageing and drugs. Anaemia, through various possible mechanisms, has been suggested to result in a cognitive deterioration.

Aim and Objective: To study the effect of Hb% on cognitive skills of 100 UG medical students of Sree Balaji Medical College and Hospital, Chromepet, Chennai, India.

Methodology: One hundred UG medical students who were in the age group of 17 to 19 years were selected and their Hb% estimations were done by using Drabkin’s method. Their cognitive skills were assessed by using the Mini Mental State Examination (MMSE). Correlation between Hb% and their cognitive skills was done.

Results: This study showed that there was a significant correlation between the Hb concentration and the cognitive skills in the students.

Effect of Hb% on Cognitive Skills in UG Medical Students.

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Effect of Hb% on Cognitive Skills in UG Medical Students.