The use of seaweed-based bioproducts has been gaining momentum in crop production systems owing to their unique bioactive components and effects. They have phytostimulatory properties that result in increased plant growth and yield parameters in several important crop plants. They have phytoelicitor activity as their components evoke defense responses in plants that contribute to resistance to several pests, diseases, and abiotic stresses including drought, salinity, and cold. This is often linked to the upregulation of important defense-related genes and pathways in the plant system, priming the plant defenses against future attacks. They also evoke phytohormonal responses due to their specific components and interaction with plant growth regulation. Treatment by seaweed extracts and products also causes significant changes in the microbiome components of soil and plant in support of sustainable plant growth. Seaweed extracts contain a plethora of substances which are mostly organic, but trace levels of inorganic nutrient elements are also present. Fractionation of seaweed extracts into their components and their respective bioassays, however, has not yielded favorable growth effects. Only the whole seaweed extracts have been consistently proven to be very effective, which highlights the role of multiple components and their complex interactive effects on plant growth processes. Since seaweed extracts are highly organic, they are ideally suited for organic farming and environmentally sensitive crop production. They are also very compatible with other crop inputs, paving the way for an integrated management approach geared towards sustainability. The current review discusses the growth and functional effects evoked by seaweed extracts and their modes and mechanisms of action in crop plants which are responsible for elicitor and phytostimulatory activities. The review further analyses the potential value of seaweed extracts in integrated crop management systems towards sustainable crop production.

https://www.mdpi.com/2223-7747/10/3/531/pdf

Biostimulant Properties of Seaweed Extracts in Plants: Implications towards Sustainable Crop Production

Enhancing productivity through integrated nutrient management is pertinent to sustainable intensification of agricultural ecosystems. Field experiments were conducted during 2012 and 2013 in Eastern Himalayas with extracts from Kappaphycus alvarezii (K sap) and Gracilaria edulis (G sap) to assess growth, productivity and quality enhancement of rice (Oryza sativa). A Petri dish experiment was also conducted to assess the efficacy of saps in improving germination percentage and seedling vigour of rice seedlings. Field experiment included foliar spray of K and G saps (2.5, 5, 10 and 15% concentrations) with 100% recommended dose of fertilizers (RDF) along with water spray + 100% RDF (control). The rice seeds soaked with lower concentrations (2.5 and 5%) of K and G saps recorded higher germination percentage, root and shoot length and seedling vigour index as compared to water soaking. Whilst soaking in higher concentrations (7.5% and above) reduced the germination percentage and seedling vigour index. Foliar spray of K or G sap at 5% and above concentrations + 100% RDF significantly increased plant height, dry matter accumulation, chlorophyll index, crop growth rate, yield attributes and yield of rice (5.4 to 18.4% higher) as compared to control. Application of K or G sap at 10% concentrations + 100% RDF also increased micro-nutrient (Fe, Cu, Zn and Mn) and protein concentration in rice grains. Thus, foliar application of 10% K or G sap along with 100% RDF is a recommendable option for improving yield and quality of rice and sustaining soil fertility in eastern Himalayas and similar agroecosystems elsewhere.

Seaweed extract as organic bio-stimulant improves productivity and quality of rice in eastern Himalayas

Seaweeds are important marine renewable resources. Use of seaweeds as fertilizers has allowed for substitution in place of conventional synthetic fertilizers. This study was conducted to examine th...

Effect of seaweed sap as foliar spray on growth and yield of hybrid maize

The objective of this investigation was to evaluate the impact of seed priming with seaweed liquid extracts (SLEs) prepared from three Egyptian seaweeds (Ulva fasciata, Cystoseira compressa, and Laurencia obtusa) in a concentration of 20 g L-1 on seed germination and seedling growth of Vigna sinensis and Zea mays as well as the effectiveness of these extracts in ameliorating salinity stress. Laurancia extract (LLE) induced the maximum positive response in germination as well as producing the maximum increases in all seedling morphological parameters with percent of response 87.14% for hypocotyl growth of V. sinensis and 85.71% coleoptile elongation of Z. mays. The maximum amylase and protease activities were recorded with LLE priming. Ulva, Cystoseira, Laurencia liquid extract consortium (UCLLE) induced the highest promotion effect for both V. sinensis and Z. mays giving significant increments for all growth criteria, dry biomass 0.301 and 0.438 g seedling-1, Chl a 18.98 and 13.79 mg g-1 FW, total carbohydrates 460.88 and 518.14 g seedling-1, protein 219.72 and 207.49 g seedling-1 respectively. Seeds primed with UCLLE consortium exhibited remarkable tolerance for salinity stress, meanwhile the highest ameliorating effect was pronounced with 10% SW supplementation. Priming with SLEs enhances the growth of either V. sinensis or Z. mays under salinity stress, whereas UCLLE consortium induced significant increases in biomass 0.231 and 0.379 g seedling-1, respectively. Seed priming with SLEs enhanced guaiacol peroxidase activity giving the highest value with UCLLE consortium conjugated with 25% SW (12.47 and 13.05 μmol min-1 g-1 FW), respectively. Application of Canonical Corresponding analysis (bi-plot) demonstrates a significant correlation between variables of SLEs components and germination indices of the two plants concluding total nitrogen, total phosphorous, potassium, ascorbic acid, and amino acids besides carbohydrate content. Therefore, results maintain the concept of SLEs as agricultural biocatalyst which could be practiced as prospective biostimulants for being feasible, sustainable, eco-friendly, and effective in improving salinity tolerance for some plants.

Seaweed extracts as prospective plant growth bio-stimulant and salinity stress alleviator for Vigna sinensis and Zea mays

Seaweed extracts are agricultural biostimulants that have been shown to increase the productivity of many crops. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of a seaweed extract from the brown algae Durvillaea potatorum and Ascophyllum nodosum as a soil treatment on the yield of wine grapes grown in Australian production and climate conditions. This study used a series of seven field experiments (2012–2017), across five locations, in three Australian states and four cultivars, and analysed data using a linear mixed model approach. The analysis revealed that recurring soil applications of the seaweed extract significantly increased wine grape yield by an average of 14.7% across multiple growing years that experienced climate extremes. Partial budget analysis showed that the use of the seaweed extract increased profits depending on the grape cultivar. This study is the most extensive investigation of its type in Australian viticulture to understand the effect of a soil-applied seaweed extract on wine grape production.

/pdf/effect-of-seaweed-extract-application-on-wine-grape-yield-in-50e6t5xb3s.pdf

Effect of seaweed extract application on wine grape yield in Australia

A field experiment was conducted during the rabi season of 2012-13 at Research cum Instructional Farm of Indira Gandhi Krishi Vishwavidyalaya, Raipur (Chhattisgarh) to study the effects of seaweed saps on growth, yield, nutrient uptake and economic of maize (sweet corn) in Matasi soil of Chhattisgarh. The foliar spray of two different species (namely Kappaphycus and Gracilaria) was applied thrice at different interval of crop with different concentrations (0, 2.5, 5.0, 7.5, 10.0 and 15% v/v) of seaweed extracts. Foliar applications of seaweed extract significantly enhanced the growth, yield, nutrient uptake and B:C ratio parameters. The green cob yield (189.97 q ha-1) and fodder yield (345.19 q ha-1) were recorded highest under treatment (T8) 15% G Sap + recommended dose of fertilizer (RDF) which was significant similar with treatment 15% K Sap + RDF (185.24 q ha-1) in case of green cob yield. The highest N, P and K uptake by green cob and fodder were observed under 15% G Sap + RDF (T8). Treatment 15% G Sap + RDF (T8), recorded maximum gross return (Rs. 2,07,230 ha-1), net return (Rs. 1,38,756 ha-1) and B:C ratio (2.0), which was followed by treatment 15% K Sap + RDF (T4) with net return (Rs. 1,33,199 ha-1) and B:C ratio (1.95). Treatment 15% G Sap + RDF (T8) gave Rs. 45,996 ha-1 more as compared to Water spray + RDF (T9).

https://journals.ansfoundation.org/index.php/jans/article/download/716/672

Effect of seaweed saps on growth, yield, nutrient uptake and economic improvement of maize (sweet corn)

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Effect of seaweed saps on growth, yield, nutrient uptake and economic improvement of maize (sweet corn)