Recent advances in modeling and simulation of nanofluid flows-Part I: Fundamentals and theory

Factors affecting thermal conductivities of the polymers and polymer composites: A review

Recent advances on nanofluids for low to medium temperature solar collectors: energy, exergy, economic analysis and environmental impact

Effects of lubrication on gear performance: A review

Recently, the need for miniaturization and high integration have steered a strong technical wave in developing (micro-)electronic devices. However, excessive amounts of heat may be generated during operation/charging, severely affecting device performance and leading to life/property loss. Benefiting from their low density, easy processing and low manufacturing cost, thermally conductive polymer composites have become a research hotspot to mitigate the disadvantage of excessive heat, with potential applications in 5G communication, electronic packaging and energy transmission. By far, the reported thermal conductivity coefficient (λ) of thermally conductive polymer composite is far from expectation. Deeper understanding of heat transfer mechanism is desired for developing next generation thermally conductive composites. This review holistically scopes current advances in this field, while giving special attention to critical factors that affect thermal conductivity in polymer composites as well as the thermal conduction mechanisms on how to enhance the λ value. This review covers critical factors such as interfacial thermal resistance, chain structure of polymer, intrinsic λ value of different thermally conductive fillers, orientation/configuration of nanoparticles, 3D interconnected networks, processing technology, etc. The applications of thermally conductive polymer composites in electronic devices are summarized. The existing problems are also discussed, new challenges and opportunities are prospected. 

A Roadmap Review of Thermally Conductive Polymer Composites: Critical Factors, Progress, and Prospects

Mechanism for improvement of friction/wear by using Al2O3 and SiO2/Gear oil nanolubricants

The effect of CuO nanoparticles on thermophysical properties of hydraulic oil (SAE 68) used in heavy earth moving machinery has been experimentally evaluated in this paper. The results of Fourier transform infrared red spectroscopy show that the lubricant remains chemically stable in the presence of CuO nanoparticles. Dynamic light scattering results for particle size distribution have depicted that the size of agglomeration increases with an increasing CuO particle volume fraction which is confirmed by field emission scanning electron microscope images as well. Nanolubricants exhibit non-Newtonian behaviours with increasing CuO nanoparticles volume fraction. The existing theoretical models are found to be inappropriate to predict the viscosity with nanoparticles volume fraction. A correlation has been proposed between viscosity and particle volume fraction on the basis of experimental results. Thermal conductivity of CuO-hydraulic oil also increases with an increase in CuO particle volume fraction.

Effect of copper oxide nanoparticles on thermophysical properties of hydraulic oil-based nanolubricants

An ordered liquid layer around the particle–liquid interface is called as interfacial layer. It has been observed that interfacial layer is an essential parameter for determining the effective thermal conductivity of nanofluids. The review attempts to summarize the prominent articles related to interfacial layer effect on the thermal conductivity of nanofluids. First section of the paper discusses about various experimental approaches used to describe the effect of interfacial layer. Second section deals with about the mathematical models and assumed values regarding the thickness of interfacial layer by several authors. A review of previous works featuring mathematical investigations and experimental approaches seem to be suggesting that, interfacial layer have dominating effect on the effective thermal conductivity of the nanofluids. Third section of the paper deals with various mathematical models available in open literature for interfacial layer thermal conductivity. In the last section, models for effective thermal conductivity of the nanofluids considering the interfacial layer and percentage deviations in the predictions of mathematical models have been discussed.

Review of interfacial layer’s effect on thermal conductivity in nanofluid

This work aims to characterize Al2O3-SAE 15W40 engine oil nanolubricant and its performance evaluation in 4-stroke diesel engine. Field emission scanning electron microscope (FESEM) images of nanoparticle reveal the spherical morphology of nanoparticle and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopic results show chemical stability of nanolubricants. Dynamic light scattering test display the presence of mild agglomeration of particles in nanolubricants, further FESEM images of dispersed nanoparticles re-confirms it. Density and viscosity of nanolubricants are measured with varying particle volume fraction and temperature. The overall performance of nanolubricant is tested on a 4-stroke diesel engine. The nanolubricant with 0.3% volume fraction of Al2O3 nanoparticles shows less frictional power loss and hence higher brake thermal efficiency as compared to other nanolubricants.

Characterization of Al 2 O 3 -SAE 15W40 engine oil nanolubricant and performance evaluation in 4-stroke diesel engine

Antifouling coatings are critical for many biomedical devices. A simple and universal technique used to anchor antifouling polymers is important in order to expand its applications. In this study, we introduced the pyrogallol (PG)-assisted immobilization of poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) to deposit a thin antifouling layer on biomaterials. Briefly, biomaterials were soaked in a PG/PEG solution and PEG was immobilized onto the biomaterial surfaces via PG polymerization and deposition. The kinetics of PG/PEG deposition started with the deposition of PG on the substrates, followed by the addition of a PEG-rich adlayer. However, prolonged coating added a top-most PG-rich layer, which deteriorated the antifouling efficacy. By controlling the amounts of PG and PEG and the coating time, the PG/PEG coating was able to reduce more than 99% of the adhesion of L929 cells and the adsorption of fibrinogen. The ultrathin (tens of nanometers) and smooth PG/PEG coating was easily deposited onto a wide variety of biomaterials, and the deposition was robust enough to survive harsh sterilization conditions. Furthermore, the coating was highly transparent and allowed most of the UV and Vis light to pass through. The technique has great potential to be applied to biomedical devices that need a transparent antifouling coating, such as intraocular lenses and biosensors.

/pdf/fabrication-of-transparent-pegylated-antifouling-coatings-3emvv5b9.pdf

Fabrication of Transparent PEGylated Antifouling Coatings via One-Step Pyrogallol Deposition

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