https://www.srs.fs.usda.gov/pubs/ja/2020/ja_2020_sun_004.pdf

Biophysical controls on nocturnal sap flow in plantation forests in a semi-arid region of northern China

Stomatal uptake of O3 in a Schima superba plantation in subtropical China derived from sap flow measurements.

Although several studies on the night-time water use of different plant species have been reported, comparative studies under the same climatic conditions of a region are scarce. This study aimed to analyse the inter- and intraspecific variations in night-time water use in relation to environmental factors and to tree morphological features to understand and elucidate the possible underlying mechanisms. The sap flow of three co-occurring tree species in a low subtropical secondary broadleaf forest in South China was monitored using Granier-style sap flux sensors. All examined environmental factors except wind speed exerted significant influence on the daytime sap flows of Schima superba, Castanopsis hystrix and Michelia macclurei, but the impacts of all factors, including wind speed, on the night-time sap flux were trivial. These results indicated that sap flow was mainly used for water recharge at night. The morphological features of the trees, except tree height, significantly affected the daytime water use, but no morphological features significantly affected the night-time water use. We found that night-time water recharge was strongly affected by the maximum flux density. A principal component analysis showed that there were more intraspecific than interspecific variations in water transport. The results also revealed that the night-time water use and the percentage of night/day (Qn/Qd) of photosynthetic stem species (C. hystrix and M. macclurei) were greater than those of non-photosynthetic stem species (S. superba).

/pdf/biotic-and-abiotic-driven-variations-of-the-night-time-sap-2qgpse1fd3.pdf

Biotic- and abiotic-driven variations of the night-time sap flux of three co-occurring tree species in a low subtropical secondary broadleaf forest.

【Background and objective】 Water ascent in plants is driven by hydraulic gradient regulated by stomatal opening and closure as well as soil water content; it is generally assumed to be approximately zero at night. However, recent findings reveal that stomata could partly open and sap continues to flow at night, making stems function as capacitors regulating transpiration in daytime. The purpose of this paper is to investigate the diurnal change in sap flow and its determinants. 【Method】 We take Ailanthus altissima as the model plant and measure sap flow through its stems, as well as variation in stem diameter, using a diffusion probe (TDP) from June to August in an urban area. We also measure environmental factors which we anticipate to affect root water uptake by the tree. 【Result】 Sap flow does occur at night; it contributes 12.1% to the total daily sap flow, of which 65% is from 20:00 to 00:00 (T1) and 35% from 00:00 to 05:00 (T2). The night sap flow rate is positively correlated to the vapor pressure deficit and wind speed, but the correlation is more significant in T2 (P<0.01) than in T1, and greater in sunny days than in rainy days. It is also found that sap flow at night is positively correlated with canopy width (P<0.01) and stem diameter at the breast height (P<0.05), and that it increases linearly with daily variation in stem diameter (R2=0.672). Stems expand more radially in T1 than in T2. 【Conclusion】 Night sap flow results in radial expansion of the stem of A. altissima, which is impacted jointly by environmental factors and plant traits.

Sap Flow at Night in the Stems of Ailanthus Altissima and Its Determinants

Seasonal dynamics of night-time stem water recharge of Schima superba and its relation to tree architecture and leaf biomass: Seasonal dynamics of night-time stem water recharge of Schima superba and its relation to tree architecture and leaf biomass

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Seasonal dynamics of night-time stem water recharge of Schima superba and its relation to tree architecture and leaf biomass: Seasonal dynamics of night-time stem water recharge of Schima superba and its relation to tree architecture and leaf biomass