In this research, the magnetic immuno-chromatographic test strip and TMR magnetic sensitive sensor signal detection were combined effectively, which displayed the multiple advantages of magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) label technique, immunochromatography (IC) and tunneling magnetoresistance (TMR) sensing technology. Through detecting magnetic field intensity generated by functionalized magnetic signal probe on immuno-chromatographic test strip, a new method for ricin detection was established based on TMR biosensor. Compared with traditional labeled biosensor based on optical signal detection, this method can overcome the interference of background color and light of complex environmental samples, and has advantages of easy operation, high sensitive, accurate quantification, good reproducibility, specificity and interference-resistance. With this method, the selective separation and rapid quantitative detection of complex samples can be achieved. The linear range of quantitative detection for ricin was 1 ng/mL–200 μg/mL, the regression equation was Y = 0.2125 X + 0.5675 (R = 0.9706, P

A new rapid detection method for ricin based on tunneling magnetoresistance biosensor

Graphdiyne (GDY) is regarded as an exceptional candidate to meet the growing demand in many fields due to its rich chemical bonds, highly π‐conjugated structure, uniformly distributed pores, large surface area, and high inhomogeneity of charge distribution. The extensive research efforts bring about a rapid expansion of GDY with a variety of functionalities, which significantly enhance performance including photocatalysis, energy, biomedicine, etc. In this review, the synthetic strategies (in situ and ex situ approaches) that are designed to rationally functionalize GDY, including optimizing their nanostructures by surface/interface engineering with dopants or functional groups (heteroatoms/small molecules/macromolecules), and building up hierarchical GDY‐based heterostructures are highlighted. Theoretical calculations on the structural evolution and electronic characteristics after the functionalization of GDY are briefly discussed. With elaborate functionalization and rational structure engineering, functional GDY applied in a variety of emerging applications (e.g., hydrogen evolution reaction, CO2 reduction reaction, nitrogen reduction reaction, energy storage and conversion, nanophotonics, sensors, biomedical applications, etc.) are comprehensively discussed. Finally, challenges and prospects concerning the future development of GDY‐based nanoarchitectures are also presented.

Functional Graphdiyne for Emerging Applications: Recent Advances and Future Challenges

In this review, we introduce various magnetic biosensors that have been developed. We first explain the advantages of magnetic biosensing and their general operating principles as well as the biola...

Magnetoresistive Biosensors for Direct Detection of Magnetic Nanoparticle Conjugated Biomarkers on a Chip

Magnetic labels are one of the most important components in giant magnetoresistance (GMR) biodetection systems and affect detection signals directly. Many researchers have improved the detection performance of GMR biosensors by optimizing the properties of their magnetic labels, including size, shape, coercivity, and magnetization. In most studies, magnetic labels are usually spherical, and there is little research involving alternative shapes. In this work, we prepared spindlelike Fe3O4 nanoparticles (NPs) by hydrothermal and heating reduction. The as-prepared magnetic NPs were incorporated in the GMR biodetection system. An ultralow limitation of detection concentration of 0.05 ng/ml was achieved, which can be attributed to the shape anisotropy of the spindlelike magnetic particles. A wide linear work range, 0.05–1000 ng/ml, can be achieved by the use of the spindlelike Fe3O4 NPs in GMR biodetection. Moreover, the NPs exhibit good repeatability after multiple measurements, which can be attributed to the NPs’ stable and effective magnetic diffusion field. The use of spindlelike Fe3O4 NPs as magnetic labels in this work provides a new method for improving the sensitivity and repeatability of GMR biodetection.

Spindle-like Fe3O4 nanoparticles for improving sensitivity and repeatability of giant magnetoresistance biosensors

Recently, research based on new biomaterials for stabilizing metallic nanoparticles has increased due to their greater environmental friendliness and lower health risk. Their stability is often a critical factor influencing their performance and shelf life. Nowadays, the use of biosurfactants is gaining interest due to their sustainable advantages. Biosurfactants are used for various commercial and industrial applications such as food processing, therapeutic applications, agriculture, etc. Biosurfactants create stable coatings surrounding nanoparticles to stop agglomeration and provide long-term stability. The present review study describes a collection of important scientific works on stabilization and capping of metallic nanoparticles as biosurfactants. This review also provides a comprehensive overview of the intrinsic properties and environmental aspects of metal nanoparticles coated with biosurfactants. In addition, future methods and potential solutions for biosurfactant-mediated stabilization in nanoparticle synthesis are also highlighted. The objective of this study is to ensure that the stabilized nanoparticles exhibit biocompatible properties, making them suitable for applications in medicine and biotechnology. 

Advances in stabilization of metallic nanoparticle with biosurfactants- A review on current trends

It was numerically and experimentally demonstrated that “one giant magnetoresistance (GMR) biosensor + single ferrimagnetic nanoparticle or micro particle sensor agent” architecture is more technically suitable for the detection of extremely low concentration of biomolecules than the “one GMR biosensor + single superparamagnetic nanoparticle sensor agent” architecture. The large remnant magnetization of a single immobilized ferrimagnetic nano or micro particle sensor agent that allows for, producing a sufficiently large stray magnetic field, maintaining negligibly small variation of interaction factor (IF) formed between the agent and the free layer (sensing layer) of the GMR biosensor, and a larger “effective sensing area” directly corresponding to a practically larger optimized sensor size, were found to be the main physical reasons for the technical promises.

Magnetically Labeled GMR Biosensor With a Single Immobilized Ferrimagnetic Particle Agent for the Detection of Extremely Low Concentration of Biomolecules

Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) are ultra-small silver particles with a size from 1 to 100 nanometers. Unlike bulk silver, they have unique physical and chemical properties. Numerous studies have shown that AgNPs have beneficial biological effects on various diseases, including antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, antiparasitic, and antiviruses. One of the most well-known applications is in the field of antibacterial applications, where AgNPs have strong abilities to kill multi-drug resistant bacteria, making them a potential candidate as an antibacterial drug. Recently, AgNPs synthesized from plant extracts have exhibited outstanding antiparasitic effects, with a shorter duration of use and enhanced ability to inhibit parasite multiplication compared to traditional antiparasitic drugs. This review summarizes the types, characteristics, and the mechanism of action of AgNPs in anti-parasitism, mainly focusing on their effects in leishmaniasis, flukes, cryptosporidiosis, toxoplasmosis, Haemonchus, Blastocystis hominis, and Strongylides. The aim is to provide a reference for the application of AgNPs in the prevention and control of parasitic diseases.

/pdf/application-of-silver-nanoparticles-in-parasite-treatment-hsjjg1d8.pdf

Application of Silver Nanoparticles in Parasite Treatment

This work constructed an ultrasensitive electrochemical bisphenol AF (BPAF) sensor using ultra-stable graphdiyne-templated platinum nanoparticles (PtNPs@GDY) as a sensing platform. PtNPs@GDY nanocomposite was synthesized by a chemical reduction method, and the preparation process was simple and rapid. GDY, with its natural porous structure, was used as substrate to stabilize PtNPs. Due to the high adsorption ability of GDY, it can prevent PtNPs from aggregation and inactivation. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM), high-resolution TEM (HRTEM) and Energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) were used to characterize the microstructure and morphologies of the materials. Cyclic voltammetry (CV), Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and differential pulse voltammetry (DPV) were employed to investigate the electrochemical properties of the material and the performance of the sensor. At an optimized condition, the sensor exhibited excellent catalytic activities towards BPAF. The linear ranges were from 0.4 to 15.4 μM and 35.4 to 775.4 μM. The limit of detection was 0.09 μM. In addition, the electrochemical sensor showed good reproducibility, stability and anti-interference.

/pdf/graphdiyne-templated-platinum-nanoparticles-as-a-novel-1m1f08gy.pdf

Graphdiyne-Templated Platinum Nanoparticles as a Novel Platform for the Electrochemical Determination of Bisphenol AF

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Magnetically Labeled GMR Biosensor With a Single Immobilized Ferrimagnetic Particle Agent for the Detection of Extremely Low Concentration of Biomolecules

Application of Silver Nanoparticles in Parasite Treatment

Graphdiyne-Templated Platinum Nanoparticles as a Novel Platform for the Electrochemical Determination of Bisphenol AF