This review aims to summarize the anticancer effects of the natural monoterpene phenol derivative of cymenethymol and its derivatives as well as further molecular docking study to correlate the interaction of thymol and biomacromolecules that involved in cancer cell growth. For this, an up-to-date (till July 2018) literature study were made through using PubMed, Science Direct, Web of Science, Scopus, The American Chemical Society, Clinicaltrials.gov, and Google Scholar databases. Literature study demonstrated that thymol, melasolv (3,4,5-Trimethoxycinnamate thymol ester), and Mannich bases of thymol have potential anticancer effects in various test systems, including mice, rats and cultured cancer cells through various anticancer pathways such as antioxidant/oxidative stress induction, apoptosis, anti-inflammatory/immunomodulatory, anti-genotoxicity, chemo-, and radiopreventive ways. A few earlier scientific evidences showed that thymol is less toxic to mammalian systems. In silico study of thymol and its derivatives against 17 essential proteins revealed that 6BVH (PARP-1) and 5LIH (protein kinase C) are the most efficient receptor protein for interaction and binding of thymol and melaslov for the cancer prevention and initiation. On the basis of the summary of this review and docking study, it is evident that thymol may be one of promising plant-derived cancer chemotherapeutic agents. © 2018 IUBMB Life, 71(1):9-19, 2019.

Anticancer activity of thymol: A literature-based review and docking study with Emphasis on its anticancer mechanisms

An escalated demand of minimally processed food and increased negative perception for synthetic preservative has led to a lookout for a natural preservative. Essential oils (EOs) are volatile and aromatic secondary metabolites of plants that have been tapped mainly for its flavour and fragrances and various biological properties such as antimicrobial and antioxidant. The constituents and antifungal potential of EOs have been reported widely in the present scientific literature. Moreover, the current scientific research dealing with the mode of action of EOs on fungal spores and mycelial cells are very scarce, unlike bacteria. The antimicrobial efficacy of EO in real food system may alter due to interaction with food matrix components. Besides, minimum alteration in sensory qualities while retaining its maximum activity is the most sought-after criteria for food preservation with EOs. If the oil is applied in excess to have better antimicrobial activity, it may end up having an unacceptable organoleptic impact on the food. Appropriate edible delivery systems of EOs as an emulsion is a probable approach to retain the maximum efficacy of EOs in the food system. Nano-emulsification of EO could increase its bioactivity due to increased bioavailability in the food matrix. The basis of this review is to provide an overview of current knowledge about the antifungal properties and antifungal mode of action of EOs, and to recognize the application of EO as nano-sized oil droplets in the food system.

/pdf/a-review-on-antifungal-activity-and-mode-of-action-of-18fmbr364l.pdf

A review on antifungal activity and mode of action of essential oils and their delivery as nano-sized oil droplets in food system

Antimicrobial properties of microemulsions formulated with essential oils, soybean oil, and Tween 80

Background The use of micelle structures to achieve the encapsulation and delivery of hydrophobic functional ingredients has attracted widespread attention. Among them, biopolymer micelles have various applications in the food industry due to their superior functional qualities and wide sources. Scope and approach This review summarizes the general preparation methods for self-assembled micelles, the major types of natural molecular-based polymers, the factors that affect the stability of micelles, and the application of micelles in food science. The current challenges and future research prospects are also discussed. Key findings and conclusions Self-assembled micelles are usually prepared by methods such as direct dissolution, dialysis, solvent evaporation, and film hydration. The stability of biopolymer-based micelles is affected by the polymer structure, temperature, pH, and other conditions. Amphiphilic bio-based polymer micelles have great potential in delivering hydrophobic ingredients with excellent loading capacity and encapsulation efficiency. Biopolymer micelles can significantly improve the bioavailability of hydrophobic components.

Self-assembled micelles based on amphiphilic biopolymers for delivery of functional ingredients

Shellac is a natural amphiphilic substance, and its nanoparticles can be used to stabilize Pickering emulsions with droplets and bi-continuous structures. In this study, shellac nanoparticles (SNPs) were produced through the anti-solvent method, and these SNPs were used to produce a series of Pickering emulsions. Fourier transform infrared results showed that SNPs were generated through hydrogen bonding and hydrophobic effects. The contact angle of SNPs was 122.3°, indicating that hydrophobicity was their dominant characteristic. According to the results of confocal laser scanning microscopy, the Pickering emulsions stabilized by SNPs showed oil-in-water, bi-continuous structure, and water-in-oil characteristics, which were dependent on the oil-phase content. The resistance value of the emulsified part of these Pickering emulsion systems significantly increased at an oil-phase ratio of 80-90% (more than 105 MΩ), as compared with the 10-70% oil-phase content (around 1 MΩ). The viscosity of SNP-stabilized Pickering emulsions with bi-continuous structures was highest at 40% oil-phase content. The porous material prepared by using Pickering emulsions with bi-continuous structures as a template had an interconnected structure and was able to absorb both water and oil. This study indicated that these amphiphilic SNPs readily form bi-continuous structures and effectively stabilize Pickering emulsions with droplets. These SNPs are expected to have increased application in food and pharmaceutical industries.

Natural Amphiphilic Shellac Nanoparticle-Stabilized Novel Pickering Emulsions with Droplets and Bi-continuous Structures.

Phase behavior, microstructural transition, antimicrobial and antioxidant activities of a water-dilutable thymol microemulsion

Solubilization of octane in cationic surfactant-anionic polymer complexes: Effect of ionic strength.

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Phase behavior, microstructural transition, antimicrobial and antioxidant activities of a water-dilutable thymol microemulsion

Solubilization of octane in cationic surfactant-anionic polymer complexes: Effect of ionic strength.