Engineered/designer biochar for contaminant removal/immobilization from soil and water: Potential and implication of biochar modification

Biochar-based nano-composites for the decontamination of wastewater: A review.

Progress in the preparation and application of modified biochar for improved contaminant removal from water and wastewater

Enhancing phosphate adsorption by Mg/Al layered double hydroxide functionalized biochar with different Mg/Al ratios.

Performance and prospects of different adsorbents for phosphorus uptake and recovery from water

The recycling of lost phosphorus (P) is important in sustainable development. In line with this objective, biochar adsorption is a promising method of P recovery. Therefore, our study investigates the efficiency and selectivity of magnesium modified corn biochar (Mg/biochar) in relation to P adsorption. It also examines the available P derived from postsorption Mg/biochar. Mg/biochar is rich in magnesium nanoparticles and organic functional groups, and it can adsorb 90% of the equilibrium amount of P within 30 min. The Mg/biochar P adsorption process is mainly controlled by chemical action. The maximum P adsorption amount of Mg/biochar is 239 mg/g. The Langmuir-Freundlich model fits the P adsorption isotherm best. Thermodynamics calculation shows ∆H > 0, ∆G 0, and it demonstrates the P adsorption process is an endothermic, spontaneous, and increasingly disordered. The optimal pH is 9. The amounts of P adsorbed by Mg/B300, Mg/B450, and Mg/B600 from swine wastewater are lower than that adsorbed from synthetic P wastewater by 6.6%, 4.8%, and 4.2%, respectively. Mg/biochar is more resistant to pH and to the influence of coexisting ions than biochar. Finally, postsorption Mg/biochar can release P persistently. The P release equilibrium concentrations are ordered as follows: Mg/B600 > Mg/B450 > Mg/B300. The postsorption Mg/B300, Mg/B450, and Mg/B600 can release 3.3%, 3.9%, and 4.4% of the total adsorbed P, respectively, per interval time.

/pdf/application-of-magnesium-modified-corn-biochar-for-4t9fc13n2o.pdf

Application of Magnesium Modified Corn Biochar for Phosphorus Removal and Recovery from Swine Wastewater

Shortage in phosphorus (P) resources and P wastewater pollution is considered as a serious problem worldwide. The application of modified biochar for P recovery from wastewater and reuse of recovered P as agricultural fertilizer is a preferred process. This work aims to develop a calcium and magnesium loaded biochar (Ca–Mg/biochar) application for P recovery from biogas fermentation liquid. The physico-chemical characterization, adsorption efficiency, adsorption selectivity, and postsorption availability of Ca-Mg/biochar were investigated. The synthesized Ca–Mg/biochar was rich in organic functional groups and in CaO and MgO nanoparticles. With the increase in synthesis temperature, the yield decreased, C content increased, H content decreased, N content remained the same basically, and BET surface area increased. The P adsorption of Ca–Mg/biochar could be accelerated by nano-CaO and nano-MgO particles and reached equilibrium after 360 min. The process was endothermic, spontaneous, and showed an increase in the disorder of the solid–liquid interface. Moreover, it could be fitted by the Freundlich model. The maximum P adsorption amounts were 294.22, 315.33, and 326.63 mg/g. The P adsorption selectivity of Ca–Mg/biochar could not be significantly influenced by the typical pH level of biogas fermentation liquid. The nano-CaO and nano-MgO particles of Ca–Mg/biochar could reduce the negative interaction effects of coexisting ions. The P releasing amounts of postsorption Ca–Mg/biochar were in the order of Ca–Mg/B600 > Ca–Mg/B450 > Ca–Mg/B300. Results revealed that postsorption Ca–Mg/biochar can continually release P and is more suitable for an acid environment.

Phosphorus recovery from biogas fermentation liquid by Ca-Mg loaded biochar.

The problem of phosphorus discharge is related to environmental protection and food security. Struvite crystallization is a useful technology for phosphate recovery from wastewater. In the research, struvite crystallization process with CO2 degasification continuous U-shape reactor (CUSR) was application for phosphate recovery from animal manure wastewater. The result indicated PO4-P recovery ratio could achieve 47-53% without magnesium addition when CUSR hydraulic retention time controlled at 60 min. With extra magnesium addition, PO4-P recovery ratio could significant achieve 80-86% at magnesium addition amount 57.5 mg/dm. PHREEQC modeling predictions trend of struvite crystallization was close to CUSR experimental results. The modeling calculation can provide a theoretical guide for operational parameters design. For seeding technology, high phosphate recovery efficiency was obtained and preformed struvite was the most effective seeding material. Surface characterization analysis demonstrated the dominant composition of chemical solids was struvite. Water extraction analysis indicated chemical solids recovery from animal manure wastewater could release PO4-P slowly and be available as slow-release fertilizer.

/pdf/phosphate-recovery-from-animal-manure-wastewater-by-struvite-3us5h16rci.pdf

Phosphate recovery from animal manure wastewater by struvite crystallization and CO2 degasification reactor

Ammonium nitrogen pollution is a key factor related to water eutrophication. In our works, biochar adsorption for ammonium nitrogen removal from wastewater has been investigated. Transmission Electron Microscope with energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, and Fourier Transform Infrared spectroscopy was performed to characterize the prepared biochar. The optimal solution pH, and coexisting ions effect for ammonium nitrogen removal from wastewater was examined. Surface characterization demonstrated the obtained biochar was coarse, unshaped, irregular, and contained a great deal of carbon. With an increase in solution pH, biochar adsorption amount of ammonium nitrogen was decrease. With an increase in coexisting ions concentration, biochar adsorption amount of ammonium nitrogen was decrease.

Ammonium Nitrogen Removal from Wastewater by Biochar Adsorption

Struvite crystallization is an efficient method for phosphorus recovery from animal manure wastewater. However, large amount of organic coexisting impurities, contained in animal manure wastewater, might influence struvite crystallization. In this study, the effect of typical organic matter contained in animal manure wastewater, such as butyric acid, fulvic acid, tetracycline, on phosphorus recovery was examined. The following conclusions were drawn: (1) with an increase in butyric acid concentration in animal manure wastewater, phosphorus recovery efficiency did not change significantly; (2) with an increase in fulvic acid concentration in animal manure wastewater, phosphorus recovery efficiency decreased obviously; (3) with an increase in tetracycline concentration in animal manure wastewater, phosphorus recovery efficiency decreased slightly.

Effects of Organic Coexisting Impurities on Phosphorus Recovery from Animal Manure Wastewater by Struvite Crystallization

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