ABSTRACT Photonic structures at the wavelength scale offer innovative energy solutions for a wide range of applications, from high-efficiency photovoltaics to passive cooling, thus reshaping the global energy landscape. Radiative cooling based on structural and material design presents new opportunities for sustainable carbon neutrality as a zero-energy, ecologically friendly cooling strategy. In this review, in addition to introducing the fundamentals of the basic theory of radiative cooling technology, typical radiative cooling materials alongside their cooling effects over recent years are summarized and the current research status of radiative cooling materials is outlined and discussed. Furthermore, technical challenges and potential advancements for radiative cooling are forecast with an outline of future application scenarios and development trends. In the future, radiative cooling is expected to make a significant contribution to global energy saving and emission reduction.

https://academic.oup.com/nsr/article-pdf/10/1/nwac208/48727963/nwac208.pdf

Radiative cooling for passive thermal management towards sustainable carbon neutrality

Scalable multifunctional radiative cooling materials

Gait analysis provides a convenient strategy for the diagnosis and rehabilitation assessment of diseases of skeletal, muscular, and neurological systems. However, challenges remain in current gait recognition methods due to the drawbacks of complex systems, high cost, affecting natural gait, and one-size-fits-all model. Here, a highly integrated gait recognition system composed of a self-powered multi-point body motion sensing network (SMN) based on full textile structure is demonstrated. By combining of newly developed energy harvesting technology of triboelectric nanogenerator (TENG) and traditional textile manufacturing process, SMN not only ensures high pressure response sensitivity up to 1.5 V kPa−1, but also is endowed with several good properties, such as full flexibility, excellent breathability (165 mm s−1), and good moisture permeability (318 g m−2 h−1). By using machine learning to analyze periodic signals and dynamic parameters of limbs swing, the gait recognition system exhibits a high accuracy of 96.7% of five pathological gaits. In addition, a customizable auxiliary rehabilitation exercise system that monitors the extent of the patient's rehabilitation exercise is developed to observe the patient's condition and instruct timely recovery training. The machine learning-assisted SMN can provide a feasible solution for disease diagnosis and personalized rehabilitation of the patients. 

A Self‐Powered Body Motion Sensing Network Integrated with Multiple Triboelectric Fabrics for Biometric Gait Recognition and Auxiliary Rehabilitation Training

Flexible sensors, friendly interfaces, and intelligent recognition are important in the research of novel human-computer interaction and the development of smart devices. However, major challenges are still encountered in designing user-centered smart devices with natural, convenient, and efficient interfaces. Inspired by the characteristics of textile-based flexible electronic sensors, in this article, we report a braided electronic cord with a low-cost, and automated fabrication to realize imperceptible, designable, and scalable user interfaces. The braided electronic cord is in a miniaturized form, which is suitable for being integrated with various occasions in life. To achieve high-precision interaction, a multi-feature fusion algorithm is designed to recognize gestures of different positions, different contact areas, and different movements performed on a single braided electronic cord. The recognized action results are fed back to varieties of interactive terminals, which show the diversity of cord forms and applications. Our braided electronic cord with the features of user friendliness, excellent durability and rich interaction mode will greatly promote the development of human-machine integration in the future. 

/pdf/imperceptible-designable-and-scalable-braided-electronic-3o77rjs8.pdf

Imperceptible, designable, and scalable braided electronic cord

Permeable electronics possess the capability of permeating gas and/or liquid while performing the device functionality when attached to human bodies. The permeability of wearable electronics can not only minimize the thermophysiological disturbance to the human body but also ensure a biocompatible human-device interface for long-term, continuous, and real-time health monitoring. To date, how to simultaneously acquire high permeability and multifunctionality is the major challenge of wearable electronics. Here, a critical discussion on the future development of wearable electronics toward permeability is presented. In this perspective, the critical metrics of permeable electronics are discussed, and the historical evolution of wearable technologies is reviewed with highlights of representative examples. The materials and structural strategies for developing high-performance permeable electronics are then analyzed.

Pathway to Developing Permeable Electronics.

The application of wearable devices is promoting the development toward digitization and intelligence in the field of health. However, the current smart devices centered on human health have disadvantages such as weak perception, high interference degree, and unfriendly interaction. Here, an intelligent health agent based on multifunctional fibers, with the characteristics of autonomy, activeness, intelligence, and perceptibility enabling health services, is proposed. According to the requirements for healthcare in the medical field and daily life, four major aspects driven by intelligent agents, including health monitoring, therapy, protection, and minimally invasive surgery, are summarized from the perspectives of materials science, medicine, and computer science. The function of intelligent health agents is realized through multifunctional fibers as sensing units and artificial intelligence technology as a cognitive engine. The structure, characteristics, and performance of fibers and analysis systems and algorithms are reviewed, while discussing future challenges and opportunities in healthcare and medicine. Finally, based on the above four aspects, future scenarios related to health protection of a person's life are presented. Intelligent health agents will have the potential to accelerate the realization of precision medicine and active health.

Multifunctional Fiber‐Enabled Intelligent Health Agents

A Perspective on Rhythmic Gymnastics Performance Analysis Powered by Intelligent Fabric

Medical education plays an important role in promoting the development of global medical science. Nevertheless, the intrinsic gap existing between institutional medical teaching and practical clinical tasks causes low education efficiency and students’ weak initiative. Recent developments of sensing fabric and embedded computing, along with the advances in Artificial intelligence (AI) and digital twin technology are paving the way for the transformation of medical research towards digitization. In this work, we present an intelligent fabric space based on novel functional fabric materials and digital twin networking enabled by 5G and Internet of Things (IoT) technologies. In this space, medical students can learn knowledge with collaborative mapping of the digital and real world, cyber-physical interaction and real-time tactile feedback. And the proposed service system will evaluate and feedback students’ operational behaviors to improve their experimental skills. We provide four typical applications of intelligent fabric space for medical education, including medical education training, health and behavior tracking, operation playback and reproduction, as well as medical knowledge popularization. The proposed intelligent fabric space has the potential to promote innovative technologies for training cutting-edge medical students by effective and efficient ways.

https://www.nso-journal.org/articles/nso/pdf/2022/01/nso220005s.pdf

Digital Medical Education Empowered by Intelligent Fabric Space

Textiles play an extremely important role in various aspects of our life since prehistoric times. Toward passionate and imperceptible sport and health, people have begun to explore evolving functions beyond the basic values of textiles. Smart textiles with functions such as communication, sensing, color change, warming, cooling, actuation, and computing have become the new frontier of wearable technology. Global warming and the enormously scorching weather have adversely affected human production and living as well as the sustainable development of society. As being homothermal, the human body has the ability of automatic temperature regulation. However, people are still vulnerable to excessive heat load without the protection of buildings and traditional cooling systems. As the largest organ of the human body, the skin can sense the temperature changes of the external environment and regulate its own temperature. Human skin heat dissipation is a complex process including heat convection, heat evaporation and heat radiation. As the boundary between human skin and the external environment, textiles play an important part for the human body to attain thermal comfort under different environmental conditions. Therefore, personal thermal management, a technology regulating the microenvironments around the human body, can effectively control the heat exchange of the human body, and thus become an eco-friendly solution. With the progress of thermal and materials science, diverse cooling textiles have provided people with convenience and safety in the fields of medicine, firefighting, aerospace, and military technology. In the perspective of cooling principles, personal thermal management solutions based on textiles are categorized as UV-protective textiles, cooling textiles, active cooling suits, and radiative cooling textiles. Some of them have been utilized to maintain a relatively stable body temperature in different scenarios. Textile applications at present are no longer confined to social intercourse and aesthetics, but are more focused on functional breakthroughs. The urgency of global warming and the danger of outdoor work in special occupations have greatly increased the demand for innovations in cooling textiles. It is crucial to maintain thermal comfort of individuals for physical and mental health in extreme environments. Although certain cooling textiles have been commercialized and become basic essentials for specific occasions, stringent challenges remain for weakening the perception of cooling textiles during utilization, expanding their application scenarios to make them available life-essentials. This review focuses on the regulation mechanism and development of various cooling textiles for personal thermal management. We summarize recent research progress and its significance in energy saving and emission reduction. We also propose solutions toward related challenges in the research and development of high-performance protective textiles, and finally give a perspective to the rise of cooling protective textiles. Through multidisciplinary innovations in textile engineering, materials science, optics, thermal science, and mechanics, cooling textiles can be yielded in a low-cost way with multi-functional performance, while maintaining superior wearability and durability compatible with our daily activities. Cooling textiles would enable the construction of more effective, more comprehensive, and more subtle cooling systems for people. In the perspective of intelligent sport and health, the combination of cooling textiles with flexible electronics and digital twins technology can further enable common-looked textiles with intelligence such as autonomous thermal regulation, perception and interaction, thermoelectrical self-powering, short-haul communication, and metaverse.

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Multifunctional Fiber‐Enabled Intelligent Health Agents

A Perspective on Rhythmic Gymnastics Performance Analysis Powered by Intelligent Fabric

Digital Medical Education Empowered by Intelligent Fabric Space

面向个人热管理的降温纺织品