Many performance situations, whether in everyday life or, eg, in sports, require speeded responses Reaction time (RT) in laboratory tasks—as an index of processing speed—can be improved through neurofeedback training (NFT) Learning to enhance the power of a high EEG frequency (> 10 Hz; eg beta band), suppressing a low frequency (< 10 Hz; eg, theta band), or reducing the ratio between low- and high-frequency powers by means of NFT has been found to improve performance in attention and RT tasks We aimed to test the frequency specificity of these effects on different aspects of attention and RT performance, and to explore the application of the protocols in athletes NFT aiming to reduce the power ratio between theta (4–7 Hz) and mid-beta (15–18 Hz) ranges was compared with NFT enhancing power in the low-beta range (sensory motor rhythm [SMR] 12–15 Hz) Following two baseline measurements, participating soccer players (N = 38) were randomly assigned to train for 10 sessions with one of theta/beta ratio (TBR), SMR, or one session with a sham protocol Training effects were measured by d2, simple, and choice RT tasks and by power of trained frequencies in the EEG NFT did not lead to modifications in the trained frequency bands and was not able to improve attention or RT performance The findings of this well-controlled study strongly indicate that the effects of NFT are smaller than what can be inferred from published studies Clearly, more research is needed in order to establish the effect of NFT on optimizing performance

No Effects of Neurofeedback of Beta Band Components on Reaction Time Performance

Current research on the effectiveness of neurofeedback (NFB) in children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is divided. Personalized NFB (pNFB), using pre-recorded individual electroencephalogram (EEG) features, is hypothesized to provide more reliable results. Our paper reviews available evidence on pNFB effectiveness and its methodological quality. Additionally, it explores whether other methodological features implying personalization are related to successful NFB. 

Neurofeedback Training in Children with ADHD: A Systematic Review of Personalization and Methodological Features Facilitating Training Conditions

Importance: Brain mapping performance (BMP) may provide strong predictors to analyze primary functional outcomes and support occupational therapy with clients with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). 
Objective: To clarify the value of quantitative electroencephalography to indicate BMP in children with ADHD. 
Design: One-year cross-sectional study. 
Setting: Brain Computer Interface Laboratory, Mahidol University, Salaya, Nakhon Pathom, Thailand. 
Participants: Thai school-age children with and without ADHD (N = 305). 
Outcomes and Measures: We used θ relative power in concordance with stepwise multiple regression analysis. Outcomes included measures of 12 brain locations that were compared between children with and without ADHD. 
Results: Significant differences were found between the groups, especially for Cz, T3, Fp1, Fz, F4, and F7. According to BMP, the group with ADHD had higher emotional awareness and language comprehension than the group without ADHD. 
Conclusions and Relevance: Occupational therapy practitioners can use BMP as a valuable tool for setting occupational goals to help children with ADHD improve their social–emotional learning performance in school and in the community. BMP may provide an evaluation to support occupational therapy services for clients with ADHD. The result can be applied in clinical settings by quantitative electroencephalography training. 
What This Article Adds: BMP can be used as a neuropsychological and behavioral assessment tool for setting SMART (specific, measurable, attainable, relevant, and time-oriented) goals for occupational therapy services for clients with ADHD.

Brain Mapping Performance as an Occupational Therapy Assessment Aid in Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder

Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is the most common neuropsychiatric disorder in children. Stimulant drugs treatment has been one of the major therapeutic options for children with ADHD. Roughly 34% of children are medication non-responders and many others are partial responders. Neurofeedback treatment is a promising alternative which is supported by western extensive peer-reviewed literature. However, there are limited empirical data of the effect of neurofeedback in Asian population. The purpose of the present study is to examine the effects of neurofeedback on the core symptoms and neuropsychological measures in Taiwanese children with ADHD who were partial responders to pharmacotherapy. Twenty-six children (7-12 years) with DSM-5 diagnosed ADHD entered this study. Subjects of neurofeedback group (N=13) received medication together with 20 sessions/ 8 weeks of neurofeedback training targeting on decreasing Theta brain wave of electroencephalogram. Control group children (N=13) received medication only. For the baseline and 8-week follow up assessments, all children received Continuous Performance test and their primary caregivers completed ADHD core symptoms rating scales. Significant improvements were noted on attention test and core ADHD symptoms measures for subjects who received add-on neurofeedback training as compared with the control group. The study supported the positive effect of neurofeedback training as add-on treatment for Taiwanese children with ADHD. Twenty sessions of neurofeedback can be beneficial in a short term follow up.

/pdf/electroencephalogram-neurofeedback-treatment-for-taiwanese-5656fxg8fe.pdf

Electroencephalogram Neurofeedback Treatment for Taiwanese Children with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder

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Electroencephalogram Neurofeedback Treatment for Taiwanese Children with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder