Over more than a century of research has established the fact that sleep benefits the retention of memory. In this review we aim to comprehensively cover the field of "sleep and memory" research by providing a historical perspective on concepts and a discussion of more recent key findings. Whereas initial theories posed a passive role for sleep enhancing memories by protecting them from interfering stimuli, current theories highlight an active role for sleep in which memories undergo a process of system consolidation during sleep. Whereas older research concentrated on the role of rapid-eye-movement (REM) sleep, recent work has revealed the importance of slow-wave sleep (SWS) for memory consolidation and also enlightened some of the underlying electrophysiological, neurochemical, and genetic mechanisms, as well as developmental aspects in these processes. Specifically, newer findings characterize sleep as a brain state optimizing memory consolidation, in opposition to the waking brain being optimized for encoding of memories. Consolidation originates from reactivation of recently encoded neuronal memory representations, which occur during SWS and transform respective representations for integration into long-term memory. Ensuing REM sleep may stabilize transformed memories. While elaborated with respect to hippocampus-dependent memories, the concept of an active redistribution of memory representations from networks serving as temporary store into long-term stores might hold also for non-hippocampus-dependent memory, and even for nonneuronal, i.e., immunological memories, giving rise to the idea that the offline consolidation of memory during sleep represents a principle of long-term memory formation established in quite different physiological systems.

https://www.zora.uzh.ch/id/eprint/77770/1/physiol_rev_93.pdf

About sleep's role in memory

Stress, Health, and the Social Environment

Both the hippocampus and striatum are involved in consolidation of motor sequence memory.

Sleep states and learning: a review of the animal literature.

Introduction- Thesis: 
Neuronal catecholaminergic activity modulates central nervous (CNS) function. - Specifically -
Noradrenaline (NA) can exert a tuning or biassing function, whereby the signal-to-noise ratio is altered.
Dopamine (DA) activity may promote switching between inputs and outputs of information to specific brain regions.

Background:
It has been ten years since evidence for a tuning function was advanced for NA (Segal & Bloom, 1976 a, b), and in the last five years the switching hypothesis for DA has been tentatively put forward (Cools, 1980).

Review: 
Recent studies are reviewed to show that while catecholamine activity contributes to neural interactions in separate brain regions, that give rise to the organization of different functions, their working principles may be common between species and independent of the nucleus of origin. Behavioral examples are discussed and an attempt is made to integrate this with evidence from intracellular recording studies. It is suggested that the tuning principle in NA systems is particularly important for the formation of associations and neural plasticity (interference control), and that the switching principle of DA systems modulates the timing, time-sharing and initiation of responses (program-control).

The role of noradrenaline in tuning and dopamine in switching between signals in the CNS

Analysis of the effects of learning and the level of acquisition on consecutive paradoxical sleep

Post-learning paradoxical sleep, reticular activation and noradrenergic activity.

Augmentation du sommeil paradoxal provoquée par l'acquisition, l'extinction et la réacquisition d'un apprentisageàrenforcement positif

Interaction between post-trial reticular stimulation and subsequent paradoxical sleep in memory consolidation processes

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Papers

Analysis of the effects of learning and the level of acquisition on consecutive paradoxical sleep

Post-learning paradoxical sleep, reticular activation and noradrenergic activity.

Augmentation du sommeil paradoxal provoquée par l'acquisition, l'extinction et la réacquisition d'un apprentisageàrenforcement positif

Interaction between post-trial reticular stimulation and subsequent paradoxical sleep in memory consolidation processes