Adopted values for the reduced electric quadrupole transition probability, B(E2)↑, from the ground state to the first-excited 2+ state of even–even nuclides are given in Table I. Values of τ, the mean life of the 2+ state; E, the energy; and β, the quadrupole deformation parameter, are also listed there. The ratio of β to the value expected from the single-particle model is presented. The intrinsic quadrupole moment, Q0, is deduced from the B(E2)↑ value. The product E×B(E2)↑ is expressed as a percentage of the energy-weighted total and isoscalar E2 sum-rule strengths.

Table II presents the data on which Table I is based, namely the experimental results for B(E2)↑ values with quoted uncertainties. Information is also given on the quantity measured and the method used. The literature has been covered to November 2000.

The adopted B(E2)↑ values are compared in Table III with the values given by systematics and by various theoretical models. Predictions of unmeasured B(E2)↑ values are also given in Table III.

Transition probability from the ground to the first-excited 2^+ state of even-even nuclides

A review of the empirical data on intrinsic states of odd-$A$ nuclei in the mass range $151\ensuremath{\le}A\ensuremath{\le}193$ and $A\ensuremath{\ge}221$ is presented. Global summaries of the data are presented in tables for each isotopic and isotonic chain, wherein the excitation energy, the $log\mathrm{ft}$ values, the moment-of-inertia parameter, and the decoupling parameter (for $K=\frac{1}{2}$ bands) are listed for single-particle, vibrational admixed, and pure vibrational states. Similar data are separately presented for three-quasiparticle excitations in the rare-earth region. Taking guidance from the systematics on nuclear deformation, the single-particle deformed potential for axially symmetric and reflection-symmetric shapes (the Nilsson model) modified by the hexadecapole deformation is used to interpret the data. Other variations of the Nilsson model, which include axially asymmetric shapes ($\ensuremath{\gamma}$ deformation) and especially reflection-asymmetric shapes (octupole deformation), have also been used to interpret the data in certain limited regions. Systematics for the intrinsic excitations are presented and discussed in terms of these models. The newly emerging regions of the octupole-quadrupole deformation and superdeformation are also discussed.

Intrinsic states of deformed odd-A nuclei in the mass regions (151 221)

Electromagnetic transition probabilities have been measured for the intraband and interband transitions in the two sequences in the nucleus (135)Nd that were previously identified as a composite chiral pair of rotational bands. The chiral character of the bands is affirmed and it is shown that their behavior is associated with a transition from a vibrational into a static chiral regime.

From chiral vibration to static chirality in (135)Nd.

Rotational bands in the doubly odd nucleus 134Pr

Nuclear Data Sheets for A = 133

The performance of a Compton suppressed Ge spectrometer, that utilizes a transverse BGO suppression shield, is presented. A comparison of the experimental measurements and Monte Carlo calculations is made.

Transverse BGO Compton suppression shield

The low-lying band structure of /sup 135/Nd has been extended to higher spins using the /sup 112/Cd(/sup 27/Al,p3n..gamma..)/sup 135/Nd and /sup 116/Sn(/sup 24/Mg,2p3n..gamma..)/sup 135/Nd reactions. Two distinct high-spin structures have been identified. The ..delta..J = 1 band built on the ..nu..h/sub 11/2/(514)(9/2)/sup -/ ground state was observed to have a band crossing at J/sup ..pi../ = (25/2)/sup -/. This band crossing is associated with a loss of the moderate signature splitting found below the backbend. Cranked-shell model calculations suggest that this structure involves the alignment of a pair of h/sub 11/2/ protons and that the loss of signature splitting can be attributed to a shape change from a triaxial shape at low spins to a prolate axial shape above the backbend. A second ..delta..J = 1 band structure with no signature splitting was observed to be built on a J/sup ..pi../ = (17/2)/sup (+)/ state at 1954 keV. Values for the ratios of reduced transition rates B(M1; I ..-->..I-1)/B(E2; I..-->..I-1) and B(M1; I..-->..I-1)/B(E2; I..-->..I-2) have been extracted from transitions in the two bands. Comparisons with theoretical predictions helped in the identification of the structure of the second ..delta..J = 1 band, which is thought to be based on a ..nu..h/submore » 11/2/x..pi..h/sub 11/2/x..pi..g/sub 7/2/ three-quasiparticle configuration.« less

Collective band structures in the gamma -soft nucleus 135Nd.

The odd-proton nucleus /sup 133/Pr has been investigated using the /sup 118/Sn(/sup 19/F,4n) and /sup 117/Sn(/sup 19/F,3n) reactions. Several rotational bands could be followed up to high spins. The yrast band, built on a decoupled h/sub 11/2 proton, shows an upbend at (h2..pi..)..omega.. = 0.43 MeV when two additional h/sub 11/2 protons align. Two positive-parity side bands of opposite signature were established, both showing a band crossing at (h2..pi..)..omega.. = 0.27 MeV with a gain in alignment ..delta..i/sub x/)similarreverse arrowto)8(h2..pi..) when two h/sub 11/2 protons align. This low crossing frequency, compared to that observed in the /sup 132/Ce core nucleus, is partly explained by a reduction in the proton pairing gap. Three ..delta..I = 1 bands were observed;the lowest one is believed to represent a collective rotation of an oblate shape. The shape change is induced by the alignment of a pair of h/sub 11/2 neutrons from the upper midshell driving the nucleus from a prolate to an oblate shape

High spin structure in the odd-proton nucleus 133Pr.

We report on the measurement of lifetimes and magnetic moments of yrast states in $^{134}\mathrm{Nd}$ and $^{136}\mathrm{Nd}$. Lifetimes in the 10--100 ps range were measured via the recoil distance Doppler shift method applied to the reactions $^{110}\mathrm{Pd}$${(}^{28}$,30Si,4n) at 120--125 MeV beam energy. Magnetic moments of the ${2}_{1}^{+}$ state in $^{134}\mathrm{Nd}$ and the ${10}^{+}$ and ${12}^{+}$ yrast states in $^{136}\mathrm{Nd}$ were deduced from the integral Larmor precessions measured after recoil implantation in a magnetized nickel foil, via the reactions $^{76}\mathrm{Ge}$${(}^{62}$,64Ni,4n). The ${10}^{+}$ backbending state in $^{136}\mathrm{Nd}$ results from ${h}_{11/2}$ proton (two quasiparticle) alignment. The paramagnetic relaxation time of Nd in nickel was measured by Coulomb excitation and implantation of $^{148}\mathrm{Nd}$(${2}_{1}^{+}$).

Lifetime and g-factor measurements of yrast states in 134Nd and 136Nd.

The level structure of /sup 139/Pm has been investigated. The yrast band, based on a decoupled h/sub 11/2/ proton orbital, was observed up to J/sup ..pi../ = (59/2/sup -/. A sharp backbend with a surprisingly large gain in alignment ..delta..i = 14h-dash-bar was observed at a frequency h-dash-bar..omega.. = 0.43 MeV. This large increase in alignment, which is twice that observed in the /sup 137/Pm isotope, is due to the simultaneous alignment of both a pair of h/sub 11/2/ protons and h/sub 11/2/ neutrons. A ..delta..J = 1 sideband based on the neutron-aligned configuration ..pi..h/sub 11/2/x(..nu..h/sub 11/2/)/sup 2/ with a large negative ..gamma.. deformation (..gamma..---60/sup 0/) was also observed. The observation of both ..pi..h/sub 11/2/ and ..nu..h/sub 11/2/ alignments is consistent with cranked-shell model calculations.

Observation of both h11/2 proton and neutron alignments in 139Pm.

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