Plant nutrition for sustainable development and global health

The role of mycorrhizae and plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) in improving crop productivity under stressful environments.

Background Recently, there is an increasing market trend for innovative functional/power foods and dietary supplements from natural compounds. Therefore the evaluation of potential species that could be used for that purpose is of major importance. Common purslane is such a species due to its high nutritional value, since it is considered the richest plant source in omega-3 fatty acids (especially α-linolenic acid). Scope and approach In this review all the aspects related with chemical composition and health effects of common purslane are presented. Additionally, an overview of cultivation practices and breeding prospects and their effect on quality are also presented. Special interest is given on bioactive compounds such as α-linolenic acid and oxalic acid due to their important effects on human health. Key findings and conclusions Purslane has been used in human diet throughout the centuries, however there are health concerns regarding its oxalic acid content that limit the recommendation of its regular use in human diet. Cultivation practices and breeding selection have been confirmed to allow for managing the content of the main bioactive compounds and consequently increase the added value of the final product. However, further studies are need in order to incorporate purslane in food industry, either as raw, minimally processed and processed food product, or as an ingredient in food and dietary supplements and drugs. In conclusion, the high nutritional and therapeutic value of common purslane should be further capitalized, whereas the application of proper cultivation practices could contribute to this purpose by improving quality.

Phytochemical composition and bioactive compounds of common purslane (Portulaca oleracea L.) as affected by crop management practices

A restricted dietary range and a deficit of essential minerals such as zinc (Zn) characterize the diets of under-nourished people Zn deficiency is a global nutritional problem and intensity of the

Zinc biofortification in rice: leveraging agriculture to moderate hidden hunger in developing countries

Boron (B) is an essential micronutrient in higher plants, although it is toxic in excess. In soils, the concentration range between B deficiency and toxicity is generally narrow and differs among crops. Both these stress conditions (B deficiency and toxicity) severely reduce crop yield and quality worldwide. In particular, B toxicity is more difficult to manage agronomically and can be dealt with by using B-tolerant crop varieties. A typical symptom of B toxicity is the appearance of chlorotic and/or necrotic spots at the margins and tips of older leaves. Although much evidence indicates that several key cellular processes are sensitive to B toxicity, the molecular mechanisms are not fully understood. The B tolerance is most commonly associated with the ability to maintain low B concentration in shoots. Indeed, B-tolerant varieties differ from sensitive ones by their ability to exclude B more effectively from roots and to translocate less to shoots. In this chapter, we try to explain B chemistry in soil, root uptake, translocation, and the metabolic processes in which B is involved. In addition, a molecular mechanism regarding tolerance of B toxicity and their potential utility in plant-breeding programs is also discussed.

Boron Toxicity and Tolerance in Plants: Recent Advances and Future Perspectives

In order to study the effects of green manures and mineral fertilizers on wheat growth and soil properties an experiment was conducted as split plot in base of randomized complete block design in 3 replications in 2006 and 2007 on Hamoon wheat cultivar. Main plots include N, P and K fertilizers, include 0, 50 and 100 percent respectively and subplots were different sources of green manures include, 1-check 2-Clover 3-Bean and 4-Barley. In the first year green manures were planted in each plot and the third cutting of plants in each plot were added to the soil of the plot. Green manure of Bean increased to soil after pod appearance. Before sowing of wheat and application of N, P and K, soil properties were determined at depth of 0-30 cm. In the second year, wheat was planted in plots and N , P and K applied in soil. Amount of dry matter that added to soil by green manure application of barley, Clover and bean were 4824, 1550 and 3532 (kg ha-1), respectively. Barley green manure significantly increased soil organic carbon %, available phosphorus and available zinc. Green manure had no significant effects on density and amount of plant root. N, P and K fertilizers increased wheat root and grain yield. Green manure had no effect on grain yield due had not effect on bulk density and root growth.

The Proceedings of the International Plant Nutrition Colloquium XVI

Effects of two admixtures, calcium carbonate powder (CCP) and micro silica gel (MSG) on self- compacting concrete (SCC) properties, such as workability, compressive strength, and durability are investigated. Results, show that, in some cases, concrete with MSG is unable to provide a stable condition, although flowability is higher. Experimental results indicate that the effect of CCP on sustainability, strength and durability of mixture is remarkable. Combo mix design is introduced to benefit from the positive characteristics of two admixtures. Results of decision making method show that this mix can be considered as a proper sample along with the sample containing the optimal dosage of CCP. Moreover, this method indicates the optimal dosage of CCP is 31.25%, which leads to the best improvement in characteristics of fresh and hardened concrete. In practical engineering, economic analysis demonstrates that using CCP is more cost effective, because is accessible and inexpensive in Iranian market.

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Technical and Economical Approaches in Application of Micro Silica Gel and Calcium Carbonate Powder in Self-compacting Concrete

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The Proceedings of the International Plant Nutrition Colloquium XVI

Technical and Economical Approaches in Application of Micro Silica Gel and Calcium Carbonate Powder in Self-compacting Concrete