Can Lumbricus terrestris be released in forest soils degraded by compaction? Preliminary results from laboratory and field experiments

Soil conservation has become an important aspect in achieving food security. The objective of this study is to assess the effect of two agricultural practices on the agronomic performance of maize and the chemical properties of soil. A field experiment was carried out on loamy-sand soil using Fisher Block design. Tillage systems and mulching significantly affected maize growth and yield components. The interactive effect of tillage and mulching were not significant on growth and yield components of maize. While, the highest growth rate (2.38 cm/day), leaf area (65.70 cm²), collar diameter (1.39 cm), grain yield (4148.71 kg DM ha-1), straw yield (5077.65 kg DM ha-1) and harvested index (40%) were obtained with the treatment combining isohypse ridging and mulch. Tillage increased soil organic matter. Treatment combining isohypse ridging to mulching allowed obtaining the highest level of soil organic matter after trial. The level of nitrogen and available phosphorus did not vary under the treatment. Throughout, this experiment, isohypse ridging under mulching constitute the effective soil conservation practice to combat soil erosion and improve maize productivity on the watershed of Linsinlin in Southern Benin.

	Key words: Tillage, mulching, maize yield, soil chemical properties, watershed, Djidja.

Effect of tillage and mulching on agronomics performances of maize and soil chemical properties in Linsinlin Watershed of Centre of Benin

Agriculture is facing an expected increase in food production demand, caused by an increased global population of 9 billion people by the middle of this century. At national scale, competitiveness and economic growth issues are at stake. To insure this increase in production, there are two solutions: extend the proportion of agricultural lands at the expense of natural ecosystems; and increase agricultural productivity. Through a review of agronomic and economic articles, we show the importance of considering soil quality in the productivity and sustainability of farms. However, farming practices preserving soil quality are not widely adopted, particularly in France. An economic analysis of these issues provide an understanding of farmers' decision making process, and indicate what the optimal strategies can be to cope with these challenges. We propose an optimal control model that illustrates the links between farming practices and soil quality when soil quality is considered as an endogenous production factor. The interest and originality of this article is to associate different disciplines to investigate the role of soil quality in the sustainability and profitability of farms.

https://www.aieaa.org/sites/default/files/issanchou-soil_resource%402c_at_the_core_of_competitiveness_and_sustainability_issues-166_a.pdf

Soil resource, at the core of competitiveness and sustainability issues in agriculture: An economic approach

The physical properties of soils are important for proper  monitoring of soil functions. In order to evaluate soil resistance to agricultural equipment, a study was carried out on the four main soil types (ferralitic, ferruginous, hydromorphic and vertisol) in the eight agroecological zones of Benin. The objective of this work was to determine the physical and mechanical parameters of the soils. A sampling of soil types by agroecological zone was carried out in 36 localities in Benin to record vertical and horizontal soil strengths using a compactometer and a penetrometer. These data were complemented by measurements of texture, density and water content of the soil samples. An analysis of variance, polynomial regressions and Pearson correlation were performed between the parameters studied. It is noted that majority of soils assessed were sandy loam. The high sand content in most soils would be due to the depth considered (20 cm). The bulk densities range from 1.21 to 1.73gcm-3 and water contents from 4.9 to 35.11%. Vertical resistances range from 3.89 to 16.36 kg cm-2 and horizontal resistances from 1.03 to 4.44 kg cm-2. Strong soil resistances (vertical and horizontal) are recorded in the northern part of Benin where large proportions of the gravelswere observed in the samples taken. A positive correlation was observed between vertical resistance and horizontal soil resistance. It can be concluded that soil resistance in Benin vary from one agro-ecological zone to another, but the linking of soil properties is less significant between zones. Keywords : Soil compaction, soil resistance, penetrometer, agroecological zones, Benin

/pdf/assessment-of-the-physical-and-mechanical-properties-of-the-g41f139krj.pdf

Assessment of the physical and mechanical properties of the soils in the different agroecological zones of Benin

Estimation des parametres sols pour STICS a partir d'une base de donnees spatialisees sur les sols a petite echelle.. Seminaire STICS

https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01601215/document

Estimation des paramètres sols pour STICS à partir d'une base de données spatialisées sur les sols à petite échelle.

La degradation physique des sols agricoles et forestiers liee au tassement lors des passages d’engins est une preoccupation importante des acteurs de l’agriculture et de la foret. Mais au-dela de ce cercle, elle concerne egalement tous ceux qui se preoccupent des consequences environnementales de l’agriculture et de la gestion forestiere. En effet, le tassement des sols modifie a des consequences lourdes sur plusieurs processus tels que l’erosion hydrique, la denitrification, le stockage du carbone, la preservation de la biodiversite, la production. Dans ce cadre, le projet DST (Degradation physique des Sols agricoles et forestiers liee au Tassement) proposait cinq volets de recherche : impact, prevision, prevention, suivi et cartographie du tassement en France metropolitaine. Il a repose sur l’utilisation de modeles de tassement des sols et de fonctionnement du systeme sol/plante pour etudier les consequences sur les cultures et l’environnement, via la modification des proprietes (stockage, transfert, mecaniques) des sols. Ce projet transversal, associant des laboratoires de recherche travaillant en agriculture, en geophysique ou en genie civil et des organismes professionnels, s’est aussi appuye sur des experimentations variees, en laboratoire et sur le terrain. Les principaux resultats sont presentes dans cet article. Ils concernent : (i) l’impact du tassement, avec la mise en evidence d’un seuil d’indice des vides en sol limoneux (0,15 m3.m 3 dans les sols limoneux), au-dela duquel les performances des cultures et les proprietes hydrodynamiques sont a coup sur affectees, (ii) la modelisation, le projet ayant debouche sur la mise au point d’un modele 2-D de prevision de la deformation des sols, (iii) le suivi, avec l’evaluation de methodes geophysiques, non destructrices, permettant la cartographie des zones tassees, (iv) la prevention, a travers le developpement d’un outil de prevision de l’humidite du sol et des jours disponibles et, (v) la cartographie des zones a risques en France.

Dégradation physique des sols agricoles et forestiers liée au tassement : principaux résultats du projet GESSOL ADD-DST

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Dégradation physique des sols agricoles et forestiers liée au tassement : principaux résultats du projet GESSOL ADD-DST