The European Power Exchange (EPEX) introduced two new products in 2011 and 2014 which reduce the delivery duration of electricity from 1 hour to 15-min intervals. These changes to the market design aim to better reflect the intermittent power generation from renewable energy sources. However, little is known about trading in shorter intervals and its impact on the existing market. As a remedy, our evaluation first shows that the market has quickly adopted the new 15-min contracts. Second, we estimate a Bayesian structural time series, which measures a causal decrease of electricity prices. Depending on the model specification, our results indicate that the reduction can be as high as 28% for existing hourly contracts subsequent to the introduction of 15-min trading. Third, the use of 15-min contracts coincides with intermittent power generation, as it incentivizes renewable energy providers to offer additional electricity. Altogether, our findings suggest that 15-min trading is used to balance the intra-hour volatility of renewable energy sources. Consequently, this presents a blueprint for policy-makers, who can attain similar price reductions and larger feed-ins from renewable energy sources without direct costs in all countries with high shares of renewable energy sources.

Contract Durations in the Electricity Market: Causal Impact of 15 Min Trading on the EPEX SPOT Market

Auf dem Weg zur Erreichung der gesetzten Klimaziele in Deutschland muss der Anteil erneuerbarer Energien an der Stromerzeugung stetig ausgebaut werden. Die damit einhergehende zunehmende Fluktuation der Erzeugungsleistung stellt die Stromnetze vor grose Herausforderungen. Da knapp 44 % des Strom- und rund ein Viertel des Warmeverbrauchs in Deutschland auf die Industrie entfallt, bietet diese signifikantes Potenzial, Schwankungen im Stromnetz durch die Anpassung des Stromverbrauchs an das Stromangebot im Sinne von Demand Response mittels Energieflexibilitat auszugleichen. Bislang erschwert neben regulatorischen Rahmenbedingungen insbesondere eine fehlende einheitliche Modellierung & Kommunikation von Energieflexibilitat sowie deren Einbettung in bestehende Unternehmens-IT-Infrastrukturen eine optimale und automatisierte Vermarktung. Im Rahmen des Forschungsprojekts SynErgie wurden hierfur informationstechnische Anforderungen erhoben, Datenmodelle zur Beschreibung von Energieflexibilitat und eine ubergeordnete IT-Architektur entwickelt. Mit Hilfe einer unternehmensspezifischen Plattform und einer zentralen Marktplattform kann der Informations- und Kommunikationsfluss von der Maschine/Anlage bis zur Flexibilitatsvermarktung und wieder zuruck abgebildet werden. Eine Vielzahl verschiedener Services unterstutzt hierbei ein Unternehmen von der Identifikation bis hin zur automatisierten und standardisierten Vermarktung von Energieflexibilitat. Durch die Einsatzmoglichkeiten und Wirkansatze von IT wurden Grundsteine fur nachhaltigkeitsbezogene Effekte des industriellen Energieverbrauchs gelegt, welche in den kommenden Monaten in einer Modellregion in und um Augsburg mit Industrieunternehmen, Netzbetreibern und weiteren Serviceanbietern getestet werden.

/pdf/wie-it-die-energieflexibilitatsvermarktung-von-3ckxp089q4.pdf

Wie IT die Energieflexibilitätsvermarktung von Industrieunternehmen ermöglicht und die Energiewende unterstützt

Renewable energy sources can contribute to the decarbonization of electricity systems around the world. Due to their weather dependency, however, renewables such as photovoltaic and wind power plants generate electricity intermittently. This makes it a challenge to ensure grid stability, i. e., the required balance between electricity generation and consumption. Flexibility options, such as grid flexibility, storage flexibility, supplyside flexibility, and demand-side flexibility, can all play a part in ensuring that this balance is always guaranteed. A particular potential for flexibility, and one that remains largely untapped, lies on the demand side. Therefore, this doctoral thesis examines demandside flexibility and the ways in which information technologies could enable and indeed enhance the exploitation of demand-side flexibility in current and future electricity systems. First, this doctoral thesis focuses on how these four flexibility options contribute to grid stability. Subsequently, the focus will shift to the demand-side flexibility of companies in the industrial sector and corresponding prerequisites and opportunities to market demand-side flexibility in current electricity systems. In particular, digital flexibility trading platforms offer great potential to enhance the exchange of information between different stakeholders. However, the use of information technologies in the exploitation and automation of demand-side flexibility requires a standardized communication protocol about flexibility. The purpose of this doctoral thesis, then, is to analyze the possibilities to standardize communication of flexibility while taking into account the degrees of freedom as well as the restrictions on flexibility. Despite the great potential for demand-side flexibility, however, several obstacles currently get in the way of companies leveraging this potential. To reduce or indeed remove these obstacles, this doctoral thesis will consider these obstacles and the ways in which they get in the way of companies. Since renewables have also led to increasing decentralization and the corresponding divergence of markets and physics, there have been certain inefficiencies due to corrective measures. With a view to future electricity systems, this doctoral thesis will illustrate possible design options for future electricity markets that account for the rich potential of information technology to exploit demand-side flexibility. This doctoral thesis is a cumulative work that comprises seven research papers. To summarize, it contributes to a better understanding of (industrial) demand-side flexibility by highlighting the extent to which information technologies can enable and indeed enhance new opportunities to make the demand side more flexible and thus contribute to the decarbonization of current and future electricity systems.

Demand-Side Flexibility – Enabled and Enhanced by Information Technologies in Current and Future Electricity Systems

Due to the high share of industry in total electricity consumption, industrial demand-side management can make a relevant contribution to the stability of power systems. At the same time, companies get the opportunity to reduce their electricity procurement costs by taking advantage of increasingly fluctuating prices on short-term electricity markets, the provision of system services on balancing power markets, or by increasing the share of their own consumption from on-site generated renewable energy. Demand-side management requires the ability to react flexibly to the power supply situation without negatively affecting production targets. It also means that the management and operation of production must consider not only production-related parameters but also parameters of energy availability, which further increase the complexity of decision-making. Although simulation studies are a recognized tool for supporting decision-making processes in production and logistics, the simultaneous simulation of material and energy flows has so far been limited mainly to issues of energy efficiency as opposed to energy flexibility, where application-oriented experience is still limited. We assume that the consideration of energy flexibility in the simulation of manufacturing systems will amplify already known pitfalls in conducting simulation studies. Based on five representative industrial use cases, this article provides practitioners with application-oriented experiences of the coupling of energy and material flows in simulation modeling of energy-flexible manufacturing, identifies challenges in the simulation of energy-flexible production systems, and proposes approaches to face these challenges. Seven pitfalls that pose a particular challenge in simulating energy-flexible manufacturing have been identified, and possible solutions and measures for avoiding them are shown. It has been found that, among other things, consistent management of all parties involved, early clarification of energy-related, logistical, and resulting technical requirements for models and software, as well as the application of suitable methods for validation and verification are central to avoiding these pitfalls. The identification and characterization of challenges and the derivation of recommendations for coping with them can raise awareness of typical pitfalls. This paper thus helps to ensure that simulation studies of energy-flexible production systems can be carried out more efficiently in the future.

/pdf/simulation-modeling-for-energy-flexible-manufacturing-1gj0mr7r.pdf

Simulation Modeling for Energy-Flexible Manufacturing: Pitfalls and How to Avoid Them

Energy Flexibility in Production Planning

https://opus.bibliothek.uni-augsburg.de/opus4/files/83105/1-s2.0-S2212827119304706-main.pdf

IT-based Architecture for Power Market Oriented Optimization at Multiple Levels in Production Processes

Kombinierte CT-Koronarangiographie und TAVI-Planung zum Ausschluss signifikanter koronarer Herzkrankheit: Zusätzlicher Nutzen der maschinenlernbasierten CT-FFR

Die Welt der Doppelnanoreifen

Zielsetzung Untersuchung der Durchführbarkeit und der Bildqualität der High-Pitch-CT-Pulmonalisangiographie (CTPA) mit reduziertem Kontrastmittel(KM)-volumen und Röntgendosis auf einem Dual-Source-CT bei unselektierten normalgewichtigen Patienten zum Nachweis einer Lungenarterienembolie (PE). 

High-Pitch-CT-Pulmonalisangiographie (CTPA) mit ultraniedrigem Kontrastmittelvolumen zum Nachweis einer Lungenembolie: ein Vergleich mit der Standard-CTPA

Kombinierte CT-Koronarangiographie (cCTA) und TAVI-Planung: CT-FFR bei cCTAs ohne morphologische Anzeichen für obstruktive koronare Herzkrankheit

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