With the increasing importance of reliability in business and industrial software systems, new techniques of architecture-based reliability engineering are becoming an integral part of the development process. These techniques can assist system architects in evaluating the reliability impact of their design decisions. Architecture-based reliability engineering is only effective if the involved reliability models reflect the interaction and usage of software components and their deployment to potentially unreliable hardware. However, existing approaches either neglect individual impact factors on reliability or hard-code them into formal models, which limits their applicability in component-based development processes. This paper introduces a reliability modeling and prediction technique that considers the relevant architectural factors of software systems by explicitly modeling the system usage profile and execution environment and automatically deriving component usage profiles. The technique offers a UML-like modeling notation whose models are automatically transformed into a formal analytical model. Our work builds upon the Palladio Component Model (PCM), employing novel techniques of information propagation and reliability assessment. We validate our technique with sensitivity analyses and simulation in two case studies. The case studies demonstrate effective support of usage profile analysis and architectural configuration ranking, together with the employment of reliability-improving architecture tactics.

Architecture-Based Reliability Prediction with the Palladio Component Model.

Digital video enables manifold ways of multimedia content interaction. Over the last decade, many proposals for improving and enhancing video content interaction were published. More recent work particularly leverages on highly capable devices such as smartphones and tablets that embrace novel interaction paradigms, for example, touch, gesture-based or physical content interaction. In this article, we survey literature at the intersection of Human-Computer Interaction and Multimedia. We integrate literature from video browsing and navigation, direct video manipulation, video content visualization, as well as interactive video summarization and interactive video retrieval. We classify the reviewed works by the underlying interaction method and discuss the achieved improvements so far. We also depict a set of open problems that the video interaction community should address in future.

Video Interaction Tools: A Survey of Recent Work

A method is provided for displaying thumbnail images corresponding to portions of content The method comprises identifying a thumbnail image representing a portion of content The method further comprises identifying an importance level of the content represented by the thumbnail image The method further comprises selecting a display mode of the thumbnail image according to the determined importance level The method further comprises displaying the thumbnail image according to the selected display mode

Display device, display method, and program

Simulation is widely used as a tool for analyzing business processes but is mostly focused on examining rather abstract steady-state situations. Such analyses are helpful for the initial design of a business process but are less suitable for operational decision making and continuous improvement. Here we describe a simulation system for operational decision support in the context of workflow management. To do this we
exploit not only the workflow's design, but also logged data describing the system's observed historic behavior, and information extracted about the current state of the workflow. Making use of actual data capturing the current state and historic information allows our simulations to accurately predict potential near-future behaviors for different scenarios.
The approach is supported by a practical toolset which combines and extends the work
ow management system YAWL and the process mining framework ProM.

Workflow Simulation for Operational Decision Support Using Design, Historic and State Information

Model-driven development processes suffer from growing complexity, which leads to information spread across heterogeneous metamodels as well as drift and erosion between architecture and implementation. In this paper, we present a view-based modeling approach based on Orthographic Software Modeling (OSM), and introduce flexible views as a concept for the creation of custom, user-specific views. The envisioned benefit of the approach is to improve software quality, to increase consistency between the various modeling artifacts in model-driven software development, and to reduce the complexity for software developers.

/pdf/flexible-views-for-view-based-model-driven-development-13gxqyjvyj.pdf

Flexible Views for View-based Model-driven Development

Business process (BP) designs and enterprise information system (IS) designs are often not well aligned. Missing alignment may result in performance problems at run-time, such as large process execution time or overloaded IS resources. The complex interrelations between BPs and ISs are not adequately understood and considered in development so far. Simulation is a promising approach to predict performance of both BP and IS designs. Based on prediction results, design alternatives can be compared and verified against requirements. Thus, BP and IS designs can be aligned to improve performance. In current simulation approaches, BP simulation and IS simulation are not adequately integrated. This results in limited prediction accuracy due to neglected interrelations between the BP and the IS in simulation. In this paper, we present the novel approach Integrated Business IT Impact Simulation (IntBIIS) to adequately reflect the mutual impact between BPs and ISs in simulation. Three types of mutual impact between BPs and ISs in terms of performance are specified. We discuss several solution alternatives to predict the impact of a BP on the performance of ISs and vice versa. It is argued that an integrated simulation of BPs and ISs is best suited to reflect their interrelations. We propose novel concepts for continuous modeling and integrated simulation. IntBIIS is implemented by extending the Palladio tool chain with BP simulation concepts. In a real-life case study with a BP and IS from practice, we validate the feasibility of IntBIIS and discuss the practicability of the corresponding tool support.

Integrating business process simulation and information system simulation for performance prediction

Integrating business process simulation and information system simulation for performance prediction.

Extending metamodels to account for new concerns has a major influence on existing instances, transformations and tools. To minimize the impact on existing artefacts, various techniques for extending a metamodel are available, for example, decorators and annotations. The Palladio Component Model (PCM) is a metamodel for predicting quality of componentbased software architectures. It is continuously extended in order to be applicable in originally unexpected domains and settings. Nevertheless, a common extension approach for the PCM and for the tools built on top of it is still missing. In this paper, we propose a lightweight extension approach for the PCM based on profiles and stereotypes to close this gap. Our approach is going to reduce the development effort for new PCM extensions by handling both the definition and use of extensions in a generic way. Due to a strict separation of the PCM, its extension domains, and the connections in between, the approach also increases the interoperability of PCM extensions.

/pdf/extending-the-palladio-component-model-using-profiles-and-2fbulgob55.pdf

Extending the Palladio Component Model using Profiles and Stereotypes

The Palladio Bench started out as a tool for designing and analyzing the performance of component-based enterprise software systems. Over the following years, numerous extensions have been introduced to increase Palladio's analysis capabilities. These include in particular support for additional quality attributes. With an eye on current research projects, we expect this trend to continue. This includes opening up Palladio for multiple technology domains, besides its current focus on software systems. The ever-growing number of modeling constructs, however, easily leads to users being overwhelmed by modeling complexity they do not even need in many cases. Similarly, developers of Palladio tooling struggle with consequences of weak modularization. We therefore propose a refactoring of the historically grown Palladio Component Model (PCM) into different modules that build upon each other. A core module is planned to serve as architecture description language (ADL). Modules for different quality dimensions enrich the ADL by specific modeling and analysis capabilities. This paper presents our vision of a modular PCM. Due to the early stage of the project, we focus on discussing requirements and challenges, and present initial solution ideas.

/pdf/towards-a-modular-palladio-component-model-2k6oakqzgg.pdf

Towards a Modular Palladio Component Model

Databases are the origin of many performance problems found in transactional information systems. Performance suffers especially when databases employ locking to isolate concurrent transactions. Software performance models therefore need to reflect lock contention in order to be a credible source for guiding design decisions. We propose a hybrid simulation approach that integrates a novel locking model into the Palladio software architecture performance simulator. Our model operates on a row level and is tailored to be used with architecture-level performance models. An experimental evaluation leads to promising results close to the measured performance.

Modelling database lock-contention in architecture-level performance simulation

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